TYPE 10. GRAINS SIMPLE, STRUCTURE OBSCURE. 239 



Levisticum officinale Koch. (Umbellifcrcc.) Dry root. Grains spherical, occasionally somewhat 

 anpilar ; no lamellae ; with a small central cavity. Size 12 to 18//. There are separated-grains, 

 as in tjTJc 1-1. 



Archangelica officinalis Koffm. {Unibelliferce.) Dry root. Grains rounded. Size about 8^. Very 

 little starch. 



Imperatoria ostnithium Linn. {Vmhelliferce.) Dry root-stock. Grains oval, conical, oblong, occa- 

 sionally somewhat curved, rarely slightly constricted in the middle; one-third to one-half as 

 thick as long; occasionally almost as thick as long; without fissures. Size about 14/j, thick- 

 ness about 6^. Hilum most likely toward the narrow aspect. 



Pastinaca sativa Linn. {Umhellifcrm.) Dry root. According to Payen (Ann. Sc. Nat., 1838, ii, p. 

 28; pi. 4, fig l), the grains are rounded, and compressed to about half their width. Size 7.5^. 



Cornns suecica Linn. (Cornacece.) Dry root-stock. Grains spherical to oval; the larger ones with a 

 small cavity. Size 7 to 9//. There are compound grains of few almost equal components. 

 (See type 14.) 



Seduvi fabaria Koch. (Crassulacea;.) Dry root-stock. ^GraiTis rounded, rounded-triangular, oval, 

 conical, spindle-shaped, lanceolate, at times somewhat curved and more or less irregular; 

 some with 1 or even 2 and 3 prominent solid angles and papillary processes; one-third to as 

 broad as long; the broad ones slightly compressed; no lamellae; many with a longitudinal 

 slit. Length about 17yLt, width 12/^. Among the above are some compound grains of few 

 components which arise through division of the hilum, as well as from the segmentation of 

 the solid angles or the processes. 



Mittella pentandra Linn.; Drwmnondia mittelloides DC. (SaxifragacecB.) Dry root-stock. Grains 

 oval, conical, rod-shaped, spindle-shaped, sometimes triangular, frequently somewhat 

 curved, mostly more or less irregular; one-fourth to almost as broad as long; the broad ones 

 compressed; some with a cavity or a slit. Size about 14/i. Doublets with unequal halves. 

 Starch quite plentiful. 



Mittella diphylla Linn. {Saxifragacece.) Dry root-stock. Grains rounded, oval, oblong, conical, 

 rounded-triangular, and reniform; frequently more or less irregular; two-fifths to as broad as 

 long; the broad ones compressed to about one-third of their width. Size about 15ai. Starch 

 quite plentiful. 



Ranmicidus pyrenoBus Lirm. {Ranunculacece.) Dry-root. Grains rounded, rounded-triangular, reni- 

 form, oval, or shortened-conical ; frequently more or less irregular, compressed ; from the nar- 

 row aspect a longitudinal slit is frequently observed; no lamellae. Size about 14/:. 



Ficaria raminculoides Moench. var. from Algiers; Ratmncidus ficaria Linn. (Rammculacew.) Dry 

 thickened roots. Grains rounded, triangular ^'ith rounded corners, and quadrangular, oval, 

 conical, frequently more or less irregular; the broad ones compressed to one-half and more of 

 their width; from the narrow aspect a longitudinal slit is observed. Size 24/i. Among the 

 above are some doublets. The grains seem to belong to the eccentric-conical (type 7), or 

 cuneiform type (type 8). The grains of indigenous plants show a distinct eccentric cunei- 

 form or compressed structure. (See type 8.) 



Podyphyllum peltatum Linn. {Berberidacece.) Dry root-stock. Grains spherical to oval. Size about 

 5fi. Some compound grains of many components and separated-grains. (See type 16.) 



Sanguinaria canadensis Linn. {Papaveracem.) Dry root-stock. Grains rounded, oval, conical, or 

 frequently irregular; occasionally with a cavity. Size about 16/^. There are some compound 

 grains of few unequal components (see type 15). The starch undoubtedly belongs to an 

 eccentric type. 



Papaver orientate Linn. (Papaveracece.) Fresh root-stock. Grains rounded to oblong; one-half to 

 as thick as long. Size 8n. 



Dentaria bulbifera Linn. {Brassicacew; Cruciferce.) Dry scales of the small axillary bulbs. Grains 

 oval, conical, or rounded-triangular; broad ones compressed; some with a longitudinal slit. 

 Size about 14/i. The grains appear to belong to the eccentric-conical type. Cells entirely 

 filled with starch-grains. 



Cochlearia armoracia Linn. (Brassicacece; Cruciferoe.) Fresh root. Grains spherical to oblong; one- 

 third to just as broad as long; occasionally slightly compressed; many with a rounded and 

 elongated or a slit-like cavity. Size 11 to 14;i. 



