TYPE 10. GRAINS SIMPLE, STRUCTURE OBSCURE. 241 



Oijuntia brasiliensis Haw.; Cactus brasilicnsis. {Caclaceoe.) Stems. According to Payen (Ann. So. 

 Nat., 1838, p. 25, pi. 4, fig. b), the grains are irregular, with elevations and depressions; 

 lanielhr and liiiuni indistinct. Size alioiit 20yu; some grains end in a lateral curved hook, 

 probably a partly dccoini)osed form. Among these are some comjiound grains of few com- 

 ponents. 



Opuntia curassavica Mill. (Cadacew.) According to Paj^en {loc. cit., p. 27; pi. 4, fig. h), the grains 

 are rounded or oblong, somewhat sinuate; lamellae and hilum invisible. Size about 10m. 

 Some doublets and triplets are also observed. 



Opuntia tuna Mill.; Cactus opuvtin tuna. (Cactaceoe.) According to Payen {loc. cit., p. 27, pi. 4, 

 fig. f), the grains are spherical, sometimes rather irregular; lamella? and hilum invisible. 

 Size about lOfi. Some doublets are also observed. 



Opuntia ficus indica Mill. According to Payen {loc. cit., p. 27, pi. 4, fig. g), the grains are similar 

 to the preceding, only somewhat smaller and less numerous. 



Pereskia grandiflora Haw.; Cactus pereskia grandiflora. {Cactacece.) Pith. According to Payen 

 {loc. cit., p. 25, pi. 4, fig. a), the grains are rounded, usually irregular and angular; with a 

 few distinct lamellae and more or less eccentric hilum. Size about 22.5^. Many separated- 

 grains are also observed. 



Porttdaca megalantha Steud. {Portulacacece.) Dry root. Grains spherical, or rounded-oval; occa- 

 sionally with a central cavitj'. Size about 14^. Also some compound grains of few equal 

 components are observed (see type 14). 



Ullucus tuberosa Lozano. {Chenopodiacece.) Tubers. According to Leon Soubeiran (Jom-n. Pharm., 

 1854, XXV, p. 99), the smaller grains are oval or spherical, larger ones elongated and slightly 

 curved, some indistinctly triangular; the oblong grains have distinct lamellae and hilum. 

 Size 20 to 50 and 60^. 



Saponaria officinalis Linn. {Caryophyllaceoe.) Dry root. Grains rounded or acute-angled; the latter 

 evidentlj^ separated-grains. Size 7 to 8^. Poor in starch. 



Althcea rosea Cav. {Malvacece.) Fresh root. Grains rounded or oval, rarely oblong; not at all or 

 slightly compressed. Size 7 to 9ju. Poor in starch. 



Adansonia digitata Linn. {Malvacece.) Dry fruit pulp. Grains rounded-oval to elliptical; curved 

 on one side and almost straight on the other; two-thirds to as broad as long; the broad ones 

 compressed; lamellie none, or very delicate; usually wdth a slit-like cavity from which deli- 

 cate transverse fissures proceed; cavity is very distinct from the narrow aspect and very 

 indistinct from the broad aspect. Size about IS/u. The starch resembles the centric oval 



Androsceiim officinale All. {Hypericacew.) Fresh root. Grains rounded to oval, often irregular; 

 compressed to one-fourth their width; frequently sunken or with a cavity in the middle. 

 Size 14 to 18^. 



Hypericum elodes Linn. {Hyperiacacece.) Dry creeping root-stock. Grains rounded to oval, usually 

 shghtly compressed; from the narrow aspect a longitudinal slit is usually observed. Size 

 about 13^. Among these are found compound grains of few equal or unequal components 

 (see type 14). 



Byrsonima crassifolia DC. {Malpighiacece.) Grains spherical or oval; once to almost twice as 

 long as thick, lamellae and hilum none; rarely a cavity in place of the hilum, about one- 

 fourth eccentric; the two ends apparently alike in thickness. Length about 18ju, thickness 

 about ISyti. Among these are found compound grains of few, mostly equal components 

 (see type 14). 



Euphorbia cyparissias Linn. {Euphorbiaceoe.) Fresh root-stock. Grains rounded, oval, conical. 

 Size about 10/j. Separated-grains with 1 to 4 pressure facets. Size 2 to 8^. Only a few 

 perfect compound grains were seen within the cells. They consist of 2 to about 6 and 8 

 chiefly unequal components. 



Cretan eluteria Swartz. Cascarilla bark. {Euphorbiacem.) Dry bark. Grains rounded or oval, 

 occasionally somewhat angular or irregular; many are hollow. Size about 12fi. Poor in 

 starch. 



Galipea officinalis Hancock; Cortex angusturce verus. {Rutacece.) Dry bark. Grains spherical or 

 angular with rounded angles; many with a cavity which is frequently large. Size about 12/j. 

 Poor in starch. 

 16 



