TYPE 11. GRAINS SEMI-COMPOUND. 251 



Cuilandina boiidiic Linn. {Lcguminoscc.) Dry cotyledons. Grains spherical, many with a small 

 central cavity; in the larger ones single, delicate, short fissures are occasionally observed. 

 Size a])0ut 7yu. 



Acacia inelanoxylon R. Br.; Acacia latifolia Desf. (Leguminosce.) Dry cotyledons. Grains spherical 

 or rounded-oval. Size about 4;u. Much oil and protoplasm are also found. 



Type 11. Grains Semi-compound. 



Several components are enveloped completely or merely upon one side by a common substance 

 which is not pierced by partitions. This common substance, which belongs to the originally simple 

 grain as well as the components, may or may not have lamellte. The comiionents usually arise 

 by the splitting of the hilum, and develop into the type of the simple grains. More or less delicate 

 lines of division are found between the components, which extend to the common lamellae. Some- 

 times such partitions are wanting, and should there also be no lamelliB then the semi-compound 

 structure is indicated only by the presence of several hila lying in a homogeneous mass. 



Chara stelligera Bauer. {Algoe.) Dry star-shaped bodies. Grains rounded, oval, irregularly blunt- 

 angular with 1 to 5 angles; usually isodiametric ; sometimes elongated to twice as long as 

 thick and occasionally compressed to about two-thirds of their width; or slightly cunei- 

 form; with 2 to 25 or even 40 hila which usually have the appearance of small cavities, and 

 are sometimes embedded in an apparently homogeneous mass, and also appear singly or 

 in a group surrounded by distinct lamella}. Lines of division between the components 

 usually absent. Size about 70 to 85;u. Among the inclosed grains a central one frequently 

 is found which far exceeds the others in size. This one is surrounded by distinct lamellae, is 

 almost spherical in shape, and contains one or more hila near its center. Several short radial 

 fissures are usually found in the interior of these larger grains. Single parts of many grains 

 are cut off by delicate lines. This structure forms a transition to the true compound type, 

 occurring amoi\g the semi-compound ones (see type 15). 



Marsilea pubescens Tenore. {Marsilacece.) Dry gymnospores. Grains oval or oblong, sometimes 

 slightly irregular; 2 to 4 times as long as broad; the broad ones compressed to three-fifths 

 of their width; with 2, rarely 3 and 4, hila or components placed in one row; components 

 appear oval from the broad aspect, and lanceolate or linear-lanceolate from the narrow 

 aspect; the axes and the largest planes of which coincide with those of the whole grain; single 

 fissures occasionally are observed which may be between the components, or may pass 

 through the centers of the grains, and thus either coincide with the longitudinal axis or 

 even cut it at right angles; with distinct lamellae in the common surrounding substance, 

 and in the outer substance of the components. Length about 175;u, breadth 52/i, thickness 

 33/:i. Among the above some simple centric-oval types are found. 



Hyadnthus orientalis Linn. {Liliacece.) Fresh scales of the bulbs. Grains rounded to oblong, usu- 

 ally irregular, with more or less numerous protruding angles; two-fifths to as broad as long; 

 very often slightly compressed and cuneiform, the shorter border thickened, the opposite 

 lunger one with a sharp edge; lamelke are occasionally observed which are chiefly found 

 toward the sharp edge; with 2 to 7 hila arranged in a single row along the thickened border; 

 incomplete fissures are frequently seen between the hila; small components are sometimes 

 found in the angles or at the sharp-edged margin. Length about 45|i, breadth about 35m. 

 Among the above are found some simple, eccentric, cuneiform grains, and also compound 

 grains with components arranged in 1 or 2 rows. In the young bulbs which are still inclosed 

 within the scales of the older bulbs the grains are very small; in fact, they frequently show 

 a Brownian movement. They are spherical, frequently somewhat irregular in shape, and 

 without lamellae ; a broad, somewhat sharpened edge can be noticed in .some of the grains, 

 and occasionally one of the corners is cut off. Size about 10 to 15^. Among the above 

 many comjioimtl gi'ains of 2 to 8 components with delicate lines of division are observed. 

 Last year's bultjs which have borne this year's leaves and buds contain at the base of the 

 inner scales similar but larger compound grains. Separated-grains are wanting. The 

 simple grains have developed still more irregularly, and by splitting of the hilum have changed 

 into semi-compound ones, and by the breaking away of corners into compound grains 

 of unequal components. Semi-compound grains were found almost exclusively in the scales 



