type 14. grains compound, of few components of equal size. 255 



Type 14. Grains Compound, of Few Components of Equal Size. 



Two \o f(>ii or more components of about equal size, united into one compound grain, separated 

 by fiissuro!<, and at comijlete maturity breaking away as sejjaratcd-grain.s with one curved surface 

 and one or more pressure facets. The compound grains originate bj- the division of the hilum and 

 by repeated division of the same, and pass over into the compound type with many components, 

 as in tj'pe 16. These occur ran4y alone, but are frequently mingled either with simple grains or 

 with compound ones belonging to type 15 which are formed by their angles or edges being cut off. 



Cycas circinalis Linn. (Cijcadacecc.) Pith. According to Payen (Ann. Sc. Nat., 1838, ii, p. 18 pi., 

 6, figs. 4, 5), the compound grains consist of 2 to 8 and 10 equal and regular components. 

 Separated-grains with one curved surface and one to seven pressure facets; with indistinct 

 lamella?; hilum about one-fourth eccentric. Size about 45^. Commercial sago changes 

 slightly in moist heat. Size of the starch-grains about TOju. Starch-grains in the base of 

 the petiole similar to those in the pith of the stem. 



Coix lacryma Linn. {Grayninacece.) Dry roots. Compound grains, rounded or oval; consisting of 

 2 to 4 and 8 almost equal components. Size about ll^i. Separated-grains 2.5 to 5m. Also 

 some simple spherical grains are observed. Size about 7^. Starch quite plentiful in the 

 cortex of the root. 



Panicum arenarium Brot.; Panicum repens Linn. {Graminacem.) Dry root-stock. Compound 

 grains, consisting of 2 to 4 equal, rarely unequal, components (only a few that have fallen to 

 pieces are present). Size about 20 to 26^. Separated-grains rounded or oval; homogeneous 

 or with a small cavity instead of a hilum; about one-fourth eccentric. Size about 13yu. 



Oplismenus colonus Hiiinb. and Kunth.; Panicum colonus Linn. (Graminacece.) Dry root-stock. 

 Separated-grains rounded or angular with rounded angles, usually compressed. Size about 

 6m . Some are distinctly .separated-grains -n-ith one curved surface and 1 to 6 pressure facets. 

 The compound grains, of which none are any longer present, may have consisted of 2 to 10 

 components. Poor in starch; starch entirely wanting in the roots. 



Vilfa pungens; Sporobolus pungens Kunth. (Graminacece.) Dry stolons. Grains compound, con- 

 sisting of 2 to 10 and 12 almost equally large components. Size about 14^. Separated- 

 grains 3 to 8m; the larger ones have a small cavity, occasionally with single delicate radial 

 fissures. Cell-walls very thick, and with numerous indentations. 



Cynodon dactylon Pers. (Graminacece.) Dry stolons. Grains compound, consisting of 2 to 7 and 9 

 equal, rarely unequally large components. Size about 12 to 16m. Separated-grains nearly 

 rounded, 3 to 8m; the larger ones hollow. 



Andropogon muricatus Retz.; Anatherum muricatus Beauv.; Radix iwarancusoe. (Graminacem.) 

 Dry roots. Grains compound or 2 to 4 equally triangular or tetrahedral components. Size 

 about 25m. Separated-grains conical, with blunt, slightly protruding ends; 0.75 to 1.33 

 times as broad as long; lamellae none; toward the narrow aspect instead of a hilum a small 

 cavity is occasionally found with 1 to 2 radiating fissures; eccentricity about one-fourth. 

 Length 7 to 13m, width 8 to Hm- Also a few simple, spherical grains are observed. 



The grains described by Schleiden (Grundzuge, 3 Aufl. i, 185, fig. 15) had been changed by 

 heat. According to Berg (Pharmacognosie), Radix iwarancusce contains no starch. In numerous 

 specimens obtained from various sources, Nageli always found starch plentiful in the pith, but 

 none in the cortex. 



Sdrpus maritimus Linn. (Cyperacece.) Dry root-stock. Compound grains spherical or oval, con- 

 sisting of 2 to 10 usually equal and regularly disposed components. Size about 18m- Sep- 

 arated grains mostly have a small central cavity from which, in the larger grains, several 

 fissures radiate. Size 5 to 14m. Also some simple spherical grains, with small central cavity 

 and single radial fissures. Size about 15m. 

 Carex maxima Scop. (Cyperacece.) Dry root-stock. Compound grains rounded, oval, usually more 

 or less irregular; consisting of 2 to 10 and 14 usually equal components. Size about Qm- 

 Size of the separated-grains 1.5 to 4m. Also some simple rounded and oval grains are found. 

 Carex bicolor All. (Cyperacece.) Dry root-stock. Compound grains rounded or oval, frequently 

 somewhat irregular, consisting of 2 to 8 and 10 usually almost equal components. Size about 

 7m. Size of the separated-grains 1 to 3m- Simple grains of incomplete formation are also 

 found. 



