260 DIFFERENTIATION AND SPECIFICITY OF STARCHES. 



Pedicularis rosea Wulf. (Scrophulariacecc.) Dry root. Compound grains (most of which have fallen 

 to pieces) consist of 2 to 5 almost equal components. Separated-grains, size 2 to 5m; the 

 larger ones have a central cavity. Simple grains of incomplete formation are also found. 



Pedicularis acaidis Scop. (Scrophulariacew.) Dry root. Compoimd grains consisting of 2 to 6 

 usually almost equal components. Size about 14^. Separated-grains, size 2 to 6/^; the larger 

 ones have a small cavity. Occasionally 10/i in size, then swollen up owing to a large cavity. 

 Simple grains of imperfect formation are also observed. 



Orobanche sp. (Scrophulariacece or Orobanchacew.) Dry root-stock. Compound grains consisting of 

 2 to 4 usually equal components. Size about 50ai. Separated-grains, lamellae none or not 

 distinct; instead of the hilum a central or one-half eccentric cavity is observed from which 

 well-marked fissures radiate to the margins. Size about 30ju. Also simple, usually eccentric- 

 spherical grains are observed. 



Primula calycina Duby.; Primula glaucescens Moretti. {Primulacece.) Dry roots. Compound 

 grains of 2 to 4 usually equal components. Separated-grains, size 5 to lO^t; instead of a hilum 

 a small central or one-half eccentric cavity is observed. Simple grains of incomplete forma- 

 tion are also found. 



Soldanclla alpina Linn. {Primulacem.) Dry root-stock. Compound grains of 2 to 4 almost equal, 

 rarely somewhat unequal, components. Separated-grains, size about 27/^; the larger ones 

 have a small cavity. Simple grains of incomplete formation are also found. The grains in 

 the root are somewhat larger. Size of the separated-grains is about lO/z; they have a small 

 cavity with isolated short fissures. Simple grains are also present. 



Glaux maritima Liim. {Primidaceoe.) Dry creeping stems. Compound grains of 2 to 4 and 8 usually 

 equal, sometimes unequal, components. Size about 15/i. Separated-grains, size 4 to lO/x; 

 the larger ones have a small cavity from which fissures occasionally radiate. Simple grains 

 of incomplete formation are also observed. 



Lysimachia vulgaris Linn. (Primulacem.) Dry root-stock. Compound grains of 2 to 8 and 10 equal 

 or unequal components. Size about 2lfi. Separated-grains, size 4 to 17fi; the larger ones have 

 a small cavity from which fissiu-es radiate toward the corners. Simple grains of incomplete 

 formation are also observed. Starch plentiful; cell-walls are not perceptibly thickened. 



Pyrola rotundifolia Linn. {Ericacecc.) Dry root-stocks.- Compound grains of 2 to 4 and 6 usually 

 equal components. Size about 15/x. Separated-grains, size 3 to Sfi; the larger ones have a 

 small cavity. Simple grains of incomplete formation are also observed. 



Hydrocotylc vulgaris Linn. {Umbelliferw.) Dry rooted caulicles. Compound grains of 2 to 4 and 10 

 usually equal, rarely unequal, components. Size 18 to 24/i. Separated-grains with 1 to 5 

 pressure facets; instead of a hilum, a small cavity is observed from which fissures radiate 

 toward the corners. Size 4 to 17^; also isolated simple, spherical or ovate grains are found. 



Apium graveolens Linn., var. cult. {Umbelliferce.) Fresh root. Separated-grains rounded or angular 

 with rounded comers, with 1 curved surface and 1 to 5 pressure facets; neither hilum nor 

 lamellse. Size about 12/u. The compound grains have fallen apart; only a few may be dis- 

 tinguished within the cells, and these are oval or spherical and consist of 2 to 8 components. 



Petroselinuni sativum Hoffm.; Radix petroselini. {Umbelliferce.) Dry root. Compound grains spherical 

 to elongated-oval, consisting of 2 to 10 and 15, rarely 30, components. Size about 25^. Sep- 

 arated-grains, size 2 to 10/:i; the majority have one curved surface, but several are bounded 

 merely by pressm-e facets; the larger ones have a small central cavity, and several fissures 

 turned toward the corners. 



Pimpinella saxifraga Linn.; Radix pimpinella alba. (Umbelliferce.) Dry roots. Grains rounded or 

 angular with rounded angles, frequently with one curved surface and 1 to 4 distinct pressure 

 facets; solid and homogeneous. Size about 9n. The majority of these grains are undoubtedly 

 separated-grains. However, simple grains also occur, which can be recognized by their 

 spherical shape. Only a few compound grains are present. 



Levisticum officinale Koch. (Umbelliferce.) Dry root. Separated-grains with one curved surface and 

 1 to 4 pressure facets; instead of a hilmn, usually a small central cavity is present from which 

 isolated fissures diverge. Size about 12 to 18^. Grains are crowded in the cells; only a very 

 few compound grains were noted. Some simple grains of incomplete formation are also 

 found. 



