TYPE 15. GRAINS COMPOUND, COMPONENTS FEW AND UNEQUAL. 269 



Isoeles lacitstris Linn. (Isoetacece.) Fresh stew!S. Compound grains, very irregular, with protruding 

 angles and short lobes; 1 to 3 times as long as broad; consisting of 2 to about 10 unequal, 

 irregularly arranged components. Length about SSfi, thickness about 20yLi. Separated- 

 grains irregular, usuallj' with sharp corners; homogeneous or with a small central hilum; 

 occasionally with short, radial fissures. Size about 17/u. Simple grains of almost round or 

 irregular shape arc also present. The starch-grains in the youngest part of the stem are also 

 irregular, one margin being thickened and the opposite one broadened, thinned, and angular. 

 They are clearly either simple grains, or verj' delicate lines may be recognized which indicate 

 division. In somewhat older parts of the stem almost all of the grains show more or less 

 distinct lines of separation, and therefore appear to be compound, while the oldest tissues 

 contain compound grains, as well as numerous separated-grains, and also simple rounded 

 forms (perhaps separated-grains which after having fallen apart have become rounded by 

 further gro\\'th). The fissures of the innermost components are first indicated in the later 

 stages. 



Mariscus elaius Vahl. (CyperacecE.) Dry root-slock. Compound grains consisting of 2 to 4 and 6 

 usually unequal components. Size about II/jl. Separated-grains, size 2 to 6yu; frequently 

 with a small cavity. Simple, spherical, oval, and low-conical grains are also found. 



Cyperits phymatodes INIhlbrg.; Cyperiis repens Ell. (Cyperacece.) Dry root-stock. Compoimd grains 

 consisting of 2 to 4 mostly imequal components. Size about 14/i. Separated-grains, size 

 2 to S/Ji; usually with a small cavity. Simple spherical, oval, and pear-shaped grains (resem- 

 bling those of Cyperus esculentus) are also present. 



Abildgaardia monostachya Vahl. (Cyperacew.) Dry root-stock. Compound grains consist of 2 to 4 

 and 6 equal and unequal components. Size about 10^. Separated-grains, size 2 to G/x; 

 occasionally uith a small cavity. Simple grains of incomplete formation. 



Carex arenaria Linn. (Cyperacece.) Dry root-stock. Compound grains consisting of 1 large almost 

 round or roimded-oval and 1 to 2 small components. Size of the former 8yu, of the latter, 

 1.3 to 2//. Also simple grains of incomplete formation are present. 



Carex hirta Linn. {Cyperacece.) Dry root-stock. Grains as in the preceding. 



Triglochin harrcUeri Lois. (Naiadacece.) Dry root-stock. Compound grains consisting of 2 to 4 

 mostly unequal, rarely equal, components. Separatd-grains, size 4 to 28^; the larger ones 

 have a longitudinal axis from which sometimes single, lateral fissures proceed. Simple 

 grains of incomplete formation. 



Veratrum album Linn. (Ldliaceoe.) Dry roots. Compoimd grains of 2 to 4 and 5, occasionally equal, 

 more frequently unequal, components. Size about 2.5yu. Separated-grains almost rounded 

 or oval, \vith 1 to 3 pressure facets. Size 4 to 18/^. The larger ones have a small cavity 

 from which two short fissures diverge; about one-third eccentric. Simple spherical or spher- 

 ical-oval grains are observed which have instead of the hilum a small central, or about one- 

 half eccentric, cavity. Size about ISai. The starch-grains in the root-stocks are similar to 

 the above, but smaller and usually simple. 



Bulbocodium vernum Linn. {Liliacew.) Dry tubers. Compound grains of 2, rarely 3 and 4, compo- 

 nents, which are occasionally equal, more frequently unequal. Size about 8fi. Size of the 

 separated-grains 1..5 to 6^. Simple grains of incomplete formation are also present. 



Gagea lutea Schult. (Liliaceoe.) Dry bulb. Compound grains, of 1 large and 1 to 3 and 4 small 

 components. Separated-grains, size 4 to 30/i; the larger ones almost round, with a small 

 central cavity and radial fissures. Also simple grains of rudimentary formation are 

 found. 



Scilla maritima Linn. {Liliacea.) Dry bulbs. Compound gi-ains almost round to oblong, usuallj^ 

 irregular, consisting of 2 to 15 xnd 20 components which arc usually either unequal, or occa- 

 sionally equal, and arranged irregularly. Size about 21^^. Separated-grains, size 2tollM; 

 frequently with a small cavity. Simple, round oval, and pear-shaped grains are also present. 

 Size about 15fi. 



Narthedum ossifragum Huds. (Liliacece.) Dry root-stock. Compound grains consisting of 2 to 4 

 and 8 components which are usually unequal, or sometimes equal, and arranged irregularly. 

 Size about 10/j. Size of the separated-grains, 2 to 6^. Simple grains of rudimentary structure 

 are also found. 



