TABLE OP CONTENTS. 



PACE 



CHAPTER VII. 

 POLYMORPHISM (CONCLUDED). 



VII. The Ethological and Phylogenetic Method of Explaining the 



Development of the Worker no 



I. The Probable Solitary Wasp-like Origin of the Social 

 'Habits of Ants. 2. The Origin of Division of Labor and 

 Its Influence on Somatic Characters. 3. Application of the 

 Biogenetic Law to the Sociogeny of Ants. 4. Correspond- 

 ence in Rate of Development between Polymorphism and 

 Social Organization. 5. The Nine Phylogenetic Stages in the 

 Development of Stature. 6. Adaptive Character of These 

 Stature Differences. /. Objections to Weismann's Theory 

 of Non-inheritance of Acquired Characters as Applied to 

 Ants. 8. The Four Stages Recognized by Plate in the 

 Phylogeny of Ants. 9. Plate's View Compared with Spencer's 

 and with That of the Author. 



VIII. The Psychological View of the Problem 117 



1. The Relation of Instinct to Polymorphism in Ants. . . 118 



(rt) The Worker Type Due to a Worker-producing Instinct. 

 (b) Predominant Character of the Philoprogenitive In- 

 stincts in Ants. 



2. Differentiation in Function the Precursor of Differ- 



entiation in Structure 119 



(a) The Instincts of the Queen (i) in Gyntecotelic Insects; 

 (ii) in Ergatotelic Insects. (b') Evidences that Instinct- 

 changes Precede Morphological Changes. 



3. Conclusions 122 



CHAPTER VIII. 



THE HISTORY OF MYRMECOLOGY AND THE CLASSIFICATION OF ANTS. 



I The Present Status of the Study of Ants 123 



II. The Three View-points in Ant-study 124 



III. The Development of Ant Taxonomy 124 



i. Linne, Fabricius, and Latreille. 2. Nylander, Mayr, and 

 Frederick Smith. 3. Emery. Forel, and Other Later Writers. 



IV. The History of Ant Ethology 127 



i. The Earlier Writers. 2. Pierre Huber. 3. The Later 



\Yriters. 



