ANTS. 



the nuptial flight. The .-perm is kept alive in the receptacle for years, 

 apparently by a nutritive fluid secreted into the cavity of the organ 

 near its orifice by a pair of appendicular glands. The eggs are fertil- 

 ized as they pass through the uterus by sperm which is permitted to 

 escape in .small quantities from the orifice of the receptacle. The 

 uterus opens behind into the short vagina, which bears on its dorsal 

 surface a rather thin-walled sac, the copulatory pouch (Fig. 15, be). 

 The vagina (ry) opens to the exterior by means of a transverse slit 

 (i'7'l just in front of the sting or its vestige on the sternal articular 

 membrane of the seventh abdominal ( fourth gastric ) segment. 



In the worker the ovaries are also present, but, 

 as a rule, with a greatly reduced and often highly 

 variable number of ovarioles. Adlerz ( 1887 ) gives 

 the following numbers for each ovary in the work- 

 ers which he examined: Formica sanguined 3-6, 

 Camponotns hcrculeanns 1-5, Polycrgns nifcsccns 

 3, Lasius flai'its I, Tapinoina crraticiim i, Har- 

 pago.vcnits sublcris 3-6, and Miss Bickford gives 

 the following data: F. pratensis 2-6, F. rufa 4-10, 

 L. fnliyinosus 1-2, Mynnica lerinodis, ruginodis, 

 scabrinodis, Aphcenogaster snbtcrranea and Crcm- 

 astoyastcr scntcllaris i. The numbers observed by 

 Miss Holliclay are: Leptogcnys clongata 2-3, 

 Pachycondyla harpa.v 2-9, Odontomachus darns 

 2-8, Leptotlwra.r cmersoni 2-4, Colobopsis etiolata 

 i, Camponotns dccipicns 1-4, C. festinatus T-II, 

 C. sansabcanns i, Pogonomyrmex molefacicns 1-7. 

 Lespez (1863), Adlerz and Miss Bickford failed to 

 find any tubules in the worker Tctranwrinin ccs- 

 pitniii, and Miss Holliday had no better success 

 with the worker of Edton scliinitti. It is very 

 doubtful, however, that the ovaries have completely 

 disappeared in the workers of any of the Formi- 

 cidse. A well-developed seminal receptacle was 

 found in the workers of quite a number of species 

 by Miss Holliclay, but copulation of workers with 

 males has not been observed. 



In the male ant each testis (Fig. 19, ts) consists of a number of com- 

 pact lobules (according to Adlerz 17 in Camponotns ligniperdus, 21 in 

 Formica sanguined, 3 in Leptothora.v accrvorum and Aner gates atra- 

 tnlns; according to Janet 4 in Mynnica), occupying a position in the 

 gaster like that of the ovaries in the female. The lobules, which are 



FIG. 19. Male 

 reproductive organs 

 of Myrmica rubra. 

 (Janet.) ts. testis ; 

 sp, spermatozoa ; vd, 

 deferent duct ; r.s, 

 seminal vesicle ; </<?, 

 ejaculatory duct ; la. 

 annular lamina : og, 

 genital orifice : st, 

 stipes ; v, volsella : 

 p, penis. 



