POLYMORPHISM. 



95 



worker-like thorax. Forel ( 1904^ ) has recently shown that the erga- 

 taner may coexist with the aner, at least in one species of Poncra (P. 

 cduardi Forel). In other words, this ant has dimorphic males (Fig. 

 54, B and Q. 



6. The g\'ii(ccancr. or gynaecomorphic male occurs in certain para- 

 sitic and workerless genera (Ancr- 



dtcs and Epcccns) and resembles 

 a female rather than a worker form. 

 The male of Anergatcs is \v ing- 

 less, but has the same number of 

 antennal joints as the female ( Fig. 

 279). In Epcccus (Fig. 278) both 

 sexes are very much alike and both 

 have n-i2-jointed antennae (Em- 

 ery, TQO6</). 



7. The plitJiisancr is a pupal male 

 which in its larval or semipupal 

 state has its juices partially ex- 

 tracted by an Orascina larva. This 

 male is too much depleted to pass on 

 to the imaginal stage. The wings 

 are suppressed and the legs, head, 

 thorax and antennae remain abortive. 



8. The female (g\nc}, or queen, 

 is the more highly specialized sex 



among ants and is characterized, as a rule, by a larger stature and the 

 more uniform development of her organs (Figs. $2,g, etc. ). The head 

 is well developed and provided with moderately large eyes, ocelli and 

 mandibles ; the thorax is large ( macronotal ) and presents all the 

 sclerites of the typical female Hymenopteron ; the gaster is voluminous 

 and provided with well-developed reproductive organs. The latter 

 possess a receptaculum seminis. The wings and legs are often propor- 

 tionally shorter and stouter than in the male. 



9. The macrogyne is a female of unusually large stature. 



10. The microgyne, or dwarf female, is an unusually small female 

 which in certain ants, like Formica uiicroc/yna and its allies, is the 

 only female of the species and may be actually smaller than the largest 

 workers (Fig. 262). In other ants, like certain species of Lcptothora.r 

 and Myrmica, microgynes may sometimes be found in the same nest 

 as the typical females. 



11. The fi-female is an aberrant form of female such as occurs in 

 Lasiits latipes (Fig. 55, O, either as the only form or coexisting with 



Fir,. 56. Mottomon'itni floricola. 

 (Original.) ( ;. Worker; b. apterous fe- 

 male (ergatogyne) ; c, same seen from 

 the side. 



