9 6 



.-JXTS. 



ihe normal female which is then called the l-female. In this case, 

 therefore, the female is dimorphic. The /?- female is characterized by 

 excess development- in the legs and antenna? and in the pilosity of the 

 bod\ or hy defective development of the wings. 



12. The crt/dtoi/ync. ergatomorphic, or ergatoid female, is a worker- 

 like form, with ocelli, large eyes and a thorax more or less like that of 

 the female, hut without wings. Such females occur in a number of 

 >pecies of ants. They have been seen in Mynnccia, Odontomachns, 

 Anochctus, I'oncra, Polyergus, Leptothorax, Monomorium and Ov- 

 inastoyastcr. There is nothing to prove that they are pathological in 



FIG. 57. Formica inccrta. (Original.) <i, Normal worker: b. pseudogyne drawn to 



the same scale. 



origin. In fact, in Monomorium floricola (Fig. 56), and certain spe- 

 cies of Anodic tits they appear to be the only existing females. In 

 other cases, like Poncra cduardi, as Forel has shown, they occur with 

 more- or less regularity in nests with normal workers. They also occur 

 under similar conditions in colonies of the circumpolar P. coarctata, 

 and among other species of the genus. 



13. The pseudogyne (Fig. 57, b ) is a worker-like form with enlarged 

 mesonotum and sometimes traces of other thoracic sclerites of the 

 female, but without wings or very rarely with wing vestiges. This 

 form, when it occurs among species of Formica, is produced by the 

 presence of Lomechusine beetles in the colony ( see p. 407 ct scq. ). 



