cenc ) ; Schossnitz in Silesia, Krottensee in Bohemia and Rott in the 

 Khinelands ( l"p|)er Oligocene) ; Kadohoj in Croatia, Falkenau and 

 Kutschlin in 1'xiheinia and Cape Starat.schin, Spitzbergen ( Lowe'r 

 Miocene ) ; Sicilian amber and the beds of Drunnstatt in Alsacia (Mid- 

 dle Miocene): ( >eningen in Baden, Parschlug in Styria, Tallya and 

 Thalheim in Hungary, (labbro in Italy (Upper Miocene) ; Sinigallia in 

 Italy (Pliocene). The age of the North American deposits has not 

 been accurately determined. Ants have been seen in the amber of Xan- 

 tucket ((loldsmith, 1879) which is attributed to the Tertiary. Other 



FIG. 90. Female of Lonchoinynne.r 

 licycri. a Myrmicine ant from the Rado- 

 boj formation. ( Mayr.J 



FIG. 91. Worker of Rhopalo- 

 mynne.r pygiiia-its from the 

 Baltic Amber. (Mayr.) 



localities are Green River, Wyoming ; White River, Colorado and 

 Quesnel, British Columbia, which are referred to the Oligocene, and 

 Florissant, Colorado, which is said to belong to the Miocene. 



The Baltic and Sicilian ambers and the beds of Radoboj, Oeningen 

 and Florissant have yielded far and away the greatest number of ants. 

 The most beautiful specimens are those of the amber, which are often 

 so perfectly preserved that they may be as readily studied as recent ants 

 mounted in Canada balsam. Most of these specimens are workers and 

 belong to more or less arboreal species, but there are also quite a 

 number of males and females. As nearly all of the latter have wings 

 they must have been caught in the liquid resin just before or after their 

 nuptial flight. The preservation of the Oeningen, Radoboj and Floris- 

 sant specimens is very inferior to those of the amber. The deposits in 

 these localities are lacustrine, that is. they consist of fine sand or vol- 

 canic ashes laid down in fresh water lakes. This accounts for the fact 

 that nearly all the specimens are males and females, for as Heer says : 

 ' With few exceptions only winged individuals are found, because the 

 wingless individuals, in this case the workers, were drowned less fre- 

 quently than the others. Both males and females occur, but the former 

 are much rarer than the latter, probably because the females, having a 



