FIELD BOOK OF INSECTS. 



some having a swelling in their antennas near, but not at, 

 the end; while a few rare tropical species have orthodox 

 butterfly clubs. The pupae of butterflies are not protected 

 by cocoons as are those of some moths and are usually 

 called "chrysalids" (singular: "chrysalis"). Butterflies, 

 as a rule, fly only by day when but few moths are stirring. 

 Butterflies usually hold their wings erect, when at rest, 

 while moths hold them flat or fold them against the body. 



RHOPALOCERA 



Butterflies of the United States are grouped in five 

 families: Nymphalidae, Erycinidae (p. 130), Lycaenidas 

 (p. 131), Papilionidae (p. 134), and Hesperiidas (p. 142). 



NYMPHALIDAE 



The adults of both sexes in the Brush-footed Butterflies 

 have the front pair of legs so small as to be useless for 

 walking and often quite inconspicuous. The chrysalids 

 hang head-down with the tail fastened in a pad of silk. 



The Monarch (Plate XXVII) is the 



Anosia species which gathers in large flocks at the 



plexippus ' . , 



end of summer and together they move 



south, coming back in the spring as stragglers. The male 

 has a small black patch on one of the veins on the upper 

 side of each hind wing; this is a pocket containing scent- 

 scales, a sachet bag. The adult is "mimiced" by Basil- 

 arcliia archippus. The easily recognized larva feeds on 

 milkweeds, fearless of birds because of its acrid taste. 

 The pupa in its "green house with golden nails' 1 is to be 

 found hanging on the same plants or on some near shelter. 

 This strong flier is rapidly becoming world-wide in dis- 

 tribution. Some authors use Danais for the generic 

 name and a formerly used name for the species, archippus, 

 is apt to be confused with the specific name of the mimic. 

 Anosia berenice (The Queen), somewhat like plexippus 

 but with the ground-color a rich brown, occurs in the 

 Southwest and southward. 



The Anosias belong to the subfamily Euplceinas. In 

 the Gulf States there is a narrow-winged species (The 



116 



