THE FRITILLARIES. 



Zebra, Heliconius charithonius), brownish-black striped 

 with yellow, belonging to the subfamily Heliconiinae. 

 This interesting group abounds in the American tropics; 

 its members are supposed to be very distasteful to in- 

 sectivorous vertebrates, and therefore to be models for 

 numerous mimics. 



The following (to p. 127) belong to the subfamily Nym- 

 phalinae. 



Dione vanilla (Gulf Fritillary) comes as far north as 

 Virginia; its wing expanse is about three inches; reddish 

 brown above with black spots, of which a row along the 

 margin of each hind wing are circles enclosing bro\vn, 

 and three near the middle of the front margin of the front 

 wing are circular, each enclosing a white dot; below it is 

 gloriously spangled with silver. 



The upper side of the Variegated Fritillary 



is shown in Plate xxvin ; the under side 



is not silver-spotted. The larvas feed on 

 pansies, violets, mandrake, passion-flower, Portulacca, 

 and other things. The chrysalis is white and black, with 

 sHghtly gilded tubercles. 



The Regal Fritillary usually prefers 

 Argynms swampy meadows. The male differs from 



1Q2U1& 



the female (Plate XXVIII) in having the 

 submarginal row of spots orange, instead of cream, and the 

 black margin of the front wings less pronounced. Eggs 

 are laid in the fall and the young larvae live over winter. 

 They feed on violets; are black and yellowish red; and have 

 two rows of yellowish, black-tipped spines on the back, 

 and black spines with orange bases on the sides. The 

 chrysalis is brown, variously marked. 



Note (Plate XXVIII) the broad yellow- 



Argynnis -^ ^ an( ^ near fa e ec j ge Q f fae unc j er s ^ e Q f 



the hind wings of the Great Spangled 

 Fritillary. The larvae feed on violets and hibernate while 

 still young, frequently having eaten nothing but their 

 egg shells. When full grown, they are a rather velvety 

 black with black, sometimes orange-based, spines. The 

 chrysalis is a mottled dark brown. 



117 



