FIELD BOOK OF INSECTS. 



yellow margin of the upper side is a row of blue spots; 

 the under side is the color of dead leaves. The eggs are 

 laid in masses encircling the twigs of the willows, poplars, 

 and elms upon which the velvety-black larva, with orange- 

 red spots, feeds. The chrysalis is yellowish brown, with 

 darker markings and red-tipped tubercles. 



Vanessa (or Grapta) j-album, Compton Tortoise, is 

 slightly smaller than antiopa, tawny orange above with 

 (among other markings) three large black patches and a 

 spot of white along the front margin; below, ashy brown 

 with a white J or L on the hind wings. V. milberti, Ameri- 

 can Tortoise-shell, is very dark brown above with two 

 tawny orange spots near the middle of the front margin 

 and a broad band of similar color across each wing; under 

 surface slate-brown; expanse, two inches or less. Both are 

 northern insects; the larva of the former feeds on birch, 

 and of the latter on nettles. 



The Red Admiral is found throughout 



yrameis most of the northern hemisphere. The 



atalanta 



upper surface is purplish black with mark- 

 ings as shown in Plate XXXI, the lightly shaded areas 

 being bright orange and the apical spots white; the under 

 surface of the hind wings is marbled and marked with 

 wavy lines of intricate pattern and also with a green-dusted 

 submarginal series of obscure "eye-spots." The larva, 

 which feeds on nettle and hop, is usually black, spotted 

 with yellow, and, like V. antiopa, the larvae of this genus 

 have no spines on their heads. The larva slightly rolls, 

 and lines, a leaf for its protection. The chrysalis is ashy 

 brown with golden spots and is to be looked for (but not 

 always to be found) hanging in a leaf which the larva has 

 rolled. Winter is passed in either the pupal or adult 

 stage; it is two-brooded. 



This species is sometimes called Hunter's 



Pyrameis Butterfly or Painted Beauty. The upper 



huntera , . . 



surface is tawny orange and brownish 



black, except for the white spots shown in Plate XXXI; 

 the under side of the hind wings has two eye-like spots. The 

 larva feeds on various "everlastings" and is velvety black 



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