PYRALID^E. 



times divided in the female) on each hind wing. The larva 

 feeds on the upper surface of a grape leaf, folding the leaf 

 over and fastening it by strands of silk. Pupation takes 

 place in the folded leaf. The pupae of the second annual 

 generation hibernate in their retreats, which have fallen to 

 the ground. 



This species is sometimes called "Garden 



Loxostege Web- worm " but it is more at home on 



similahs 



weeds than on garden plants. The markings 



of the yellowish and grayish-brown adult are difficult to 

 describe in a few words. The thing which is apt to attract 

 attention in the "field" is the black-spotted, yellow larvae 

 in their fine web, which encloses skeletonized leaves. 

 They pupate in silk-lined, underground cells. 



Larvae of Symphysa adelalis feed on white lichens on the 

 trunks of oak and other trees, making large, dumbbell- 

 shaped cases for themselves of the lichens. 



Larvae of Blepliaromastix limata, between folded oak 

 leaves. 



Larvae of Diaphania nitidalis and hyalinata, in stems of 

 Cucurbitaceae. 



Larvae of Pyrausta theseusalis web up tips of ferns; of 

 P. penitalis, in stems of lotus and cat-tail (Typha). 



Nymphulinae 



Small, for the most part brightly colored species, with 

 narrow wings, the front pair being more or less angular. 

 Many of the larvae live on water plants and are semi- 

 aauatic. Their life histories are probably interesting but 

 have not been carefully studied. The young larvae may 

 have gills. The larvae of Nymphula obliteralis live in 

 cases on the leaves of greenhouse water-plants. 

 T 4 209 



