FIELD BOOK OF INSECTS. 



Pyralinse 



This subfamily contains some rather troublesome 

 species such as the following: 



The larva of the Meal Snout-moth lives 



Pyrahs - n cerea j s flour, and clover hay. It is 



farmahs . . . 



whitish, a bit darkened at the ends, and has a 



reddish head. It lives in a long tube, which it makes by 

 fastening its food-material together with silk. Pupation 

 occurs in a cocoon outside of the tube. The adult has a 

 wing expanse of about .75 inch. It may be recognized 

 by the front wings, which have chocolate-colored bases 

 and tips, separated from the light-brown central area by 

 curved white lines. It is rather generally distributed 

 by commerce. There are from two to four generations 

 a year, depending on temperature and other conditions. 



The larva of Hypsopygia costalis is the Clover-hay Worm 

 and is sometimes injurious. 



Crambinae 



The narrow front wings are sometimes drawn to a point 

 and are usually whitish, ornamented with golden or silvery 

 scales; the hind wings are broad and without markings; 

 the palpi are very long. When at rest, the wings are 

 wrapped so closely to the body that the moths look like 

 small cylinders. The larvae live in silken tubes just 

 above or below the surface of the ground. 



The larva of Prionapteryx nebulifera in the Jersey pine- 

 barrens makes of silk and sand a tube leading from an 

 underground retreat to the leaves of sand-myrtle and 

 huckleberry upon which it feeds. At night it carries 

 pieces of leaves to its retreat for daytime meals. 



Most of the larvae of Cr -ambus feed on grasses; that of C. 

 vulvivagellus (The Vagabond, Plate LXI) is sometimes very 

 destructive, feeding by night, and retiring by day to a 

 tube of cut grass and silk just below the surface of the 

 ground; C. caliginosellus has similar habits and, especially 

 in the South, injures tobacco. 



Larvae of C'.Mo plejadellus bore in the stems of rice and 

 allied plants. 



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