FIELD BOOK OF INSECTS. 



Finally, the frosts drop the leaf and winter is passed on 

 the ground. The first annual generation of adults 

 emerges about June first. They are purplish-brown moths 

 with a wing-expanse of somewhat less than half an inch. 

 The first-generation larvae feed on the grape blossoms and 

 young grapes, making a slight web about them. They 

 pupate as described, and the second-generation adults 

 emerge in mid-summer. Occasionally there is a third 

 generation. 



Most of us have heard of the Codling 

 Carpocapsa Moth Qr A ppi e . W orm (Plate LXII) and 



pomonella 



nearly all of us have bitten into its larval 

 galleries. Like the majority of our insect pests, it came 

 to us from Europe, in its case about 1750. In 1909 

 Quaintance estimated that it destroyed annually $12,000,- 

 ooo worth of fruit and that $4,000,000 were expended 

 annually in attempts to control it, not counting the salaries 

 of professional entomologists! Mature larvae pass the 

 winter in cocoons placed, usually, on trunks of trees and 

 rendered less conspicuous by having bits of bark mixed 

 with the silk. The larvae pupate in the spring, some- 

 times leaving their hibernaculum to spin a new, thinner 

 cocoon, and at other times merely breaking open the 

 hibernaculum and closing it again with a thin layer of 

 silk through which the pupa can push in order to free 

 the adult. These adults, which have a wing expanse of 

 about .75 inch and fly just after apple-blossom time, 

 are well described by Slingerland and Crosby: "The 

 front wings have the general appearance of watered silk, 

 this effect being produced by alternating irregular lines of 

 brown and bluish gray. Near the hind angle is a large, 

 light brown area bounded on the inner side by an irregular 

 chocolate brown band and crossed by two similar bands 

 of metallic coppery or golden color in certain lights. The 

 hind wings are coppery brown, darker towards the margin. 

 The sexes are very similar, but the male may be dis- 

 tinguished by the presence of an elongate dark area on the 

 underside of the fore wing and a pencil of black hairs on 

 the upper surface of the hind wing." The scale-like eggs, 

 about half the size of a pin-head, are usually laid on the 



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