FIELD BOOK OF INSECTS. 



leaves and now is the time to start spraying, for the larvae 

 take a few mouthfuls of foliage before they bore into the 

 young fruit. This generation usually goes in at the blossom 

 end of the apple but later generations often go in at the 

 side; in any case it is not so much the amount of apple 

 they eat that worries us as it is the difficulty in missing 

 their excrement-filled burrows, and themselves, when we 

 come to eat the fruit. Most of the larvae leave their 

 burrows before the apple falls, and crawl down the limb 

 to a suitable place for making a cocoon. There are from 

 one to three, or more, generations a year, depending on 

 climate. While this is distinctly an apple-worm, it feeds 

 also on pears, quinces, and even English walnuts. It is 

 found pretty nearly everywhere that apples are grown. 



Mexican "jumping beans" are usually seeds of a species 

 of Croton which contain a wriggling larva of Carpocapsa 

 saltitans. Kellogg says that another Tortricid larva, 

 Grapholitha sebastianice, has similar habits. 



Larvae of the genus Rhyacionia feed in the shoots or 

 bark of pines and hibernate in the shoots or in the masses 

 of exuded resin. 



Larvae of Polychrosis liriodendrana, in silken tents on the 

 under surface of tulip-tree leaves; of P. magnoliana, in 

 tents on the under surface of magnolia leaves. 



Larvae of Cymolomia exoleta crumples gooseberry leaves; 

 of C. inornatana crumples wild cherry leaves. 



Larvae of Olethreutes daeckeana, in stalks and leaves of 

 the pitcher plant (Sarracenia) ; of 0. cyanana, in rose shoots; 

 of 0. hebesana, in seed pods of Tigridia, Iris, and other 

 plants; of 0. hemidesma bind together leaves and make 

 galleries in flower spikes of Spiraea; of 0. chionosema twist 

 apple leaves. 



Larvae of Pseudogalleria inimicella, in stems of cat-briar 

 (Smilax) . 



Larvae of Eucosma cataclystiana, in stems of rag-weed 

 (Ambrosia); of E. strenuana make spindle-shaped galls in 

 Ambrosia stems; of E. otiosana, in stems of beggar-ticks 

 (BidensJ-, of E. sufi 'usana (an introduced European species), 

 in flower buds and on young leaves of cultivated roses; 

 of E.juncticiliana, in goldenrod stems; of E. dorsisignatana, 

 in roots of the same; of E. nisella, in willow catkins; of 



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