SOME LEAF=MINERS. 



saccharella, irregular blotch mines on upper side; aceriella, 

 broad tract mines on upper side of leaves. Birch: betuli- 

 vora, small, nearly circular mines on upper side; lentella, 

 community mines on upper side of leaves (also on iron- 

 wood). Ironwood: obscuriocostella, under side; ostrycz- 

 foliella, also on under side but mine is much wrinkled and 

 usually near the margin of the leaf; tritanianella, rather 

 large tent mines on upper side of leaves; ostryarella, com- 

 munity mines on upper sides of leaves, also on horn-beam. 

 Locust: ostensackenella, yellow blotch mines on both 

 surfaces of leaves; there are other, more common ones, 

 but they are hard to differentiate. Hickory: cary&foliella, 

 upper side of leaves. Basswood: lucetiella under side; 

 tilieacella nearly circular tent mines on upper side of 

 leaves. Elm: argentinotella, under side; ulmella, irregular 

 blotch mines on upper side of leaves. Poplar: salici- 

 foliella, under side of leaves; this species and others occur 

 on willow; popidiella, very small tent mine on under side 

 of leaf. Alder: auronitens, rounded, flattened mines on 

 under side of leaves. Hazel: coryl-isella, blotch mines 

 on upper side of leaves. Witch-hazel: hamamelis, whitish 

 blotch mine on upper side of leaves. Apple: malimali- 

 foliella, small, much wrinkled, tent mine on the under 

 side of leaves; there are others. Honeysuckle (Lonicera): 

 fragilella, under side of leaves. Poison Ivy: guttifinitella, 

 upper side of leaves. This very incomplete list of a 

 single genus might well give us many humble thoughts. 

 What a world of creatures, each as important in its way 

 as we in ours, and each doing its appointed task in the 

 appointed way! 



Larvae of Gracilaria arc all leaf -miners when young; 

 some leave the mines when half-grown and form cones 

 by twisting and rolling the end of a leaf. 



Larvae of Parectopa lespedezafoliella mine leaves of bush 

 clover (Lespedeza). 



The larvae of Ornix turn over the edge of a leaf, forming 

 a flap, three or four often being present on one leaf; the 

 cocoon is spun on the ground and the imago does not 

 issue until the following spring. 0. guttea (abundant) 

 and solitariella, on apple; kalmiella, on sheep laurel (Kal- 

 mia); preciosella, on swamp huckleberry; cratcegifoliella, on 

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