HIPPODAMIA. 



35 



Fig. 20 shows the variation in the relation of the mark to spot 3. The 

 same conditions hold as before. 



(<i) The- distance between and confluence 



of the murk '> ;unl spot 3. 

 (6) Mules. 

 (<) Females. 

 (rf) All individuals. 



17 in i.-, 



(ft) 005 

 () 1 1 

 (fl) 1 G 



14 13 12 11 10 987654321 0123456789 10 II 12131415161718192031 



3 03313661 10 5248300136147 1314 !>: 11 7 9 2 o o = 152 



2328505565438532022459 13 8 10 10 15 986100010 = 170 



5 3 5 5 G 9 11 11 7 16 9 5 12 9 6 2 3 5 10 7 13202124272610 li (.; 3 1 = 327 



FIG. 20. Variation of the distance between and confluence of the mark % and spot 3 in 

 Hippoclamia convcrgens at Fairfleld, Washington. 



Fig. 21 (of the relation of spots 1 and 3) gives a curve which is prob- 

 ably trimodal a mode each for the typical species, the variety caseyi 

 (widely separate spots) and the variety quinquesignata (confluent spots). 





(a) 



(b) 

 (<) 

 (d) 



The distance between and 



confluence of spots 1 and 2. 



Males. 



Females. 



All individuals. 



\ 



(a) 23 22 

 (ft) 00 



(c) 01 

 (f) 1 



21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 



0131362203224 11 21 16 16 21 3 0100011115014 0=111 



0114V 42427404 15 20 17 12 2120001120742101 0=120 



1 4 o 10 10 4 G 2 10 6 2 8 26 41 3329 4 2 5 1 1 1 3 1 S 5 7 1 15 = 213 



Fi. 21 Yiuu.tio.1 ut tlic distance between and confluence of the spots 1 and 3 in Hippodamia 



convergens at Fairfleld, Washington. 



The reality of the varieties is conclusively shown in fig. 21. They are 

 not distinguished by sharply limited unit-characters, but are centers of 

 variation. 



