58 EVOLUTION IN COLOR-PATTERN OF THE LADY-BEETLES. 



A series collected at random in the botanic garden of the University of 

 California, Berkeley, gave 



Var. subversa .............. . ............... ...................................... 1 



Var. eugenii ........................................................................ 7 



Var. eugenii transition to var. Juliana ................................ 8 



Var. Juliana ....................................................................... 78 



Var. Juliana, transition to Form C ...................................... 6 



Form B .............................................................................. 5 



Form A ............................................................................. 1 



Var. Juliana transition to var. perplexa ............................. 2 



Typical .............................................................................. 2 



Large numbers show that the variety eucjenii is not as markedly set off 

 from the variety Juliana as has been stated. This is indicated by the 

 intergrades noted above. 



a 



d 



Flu. 48. Variation in pronotal pattern in C. 

 &=mode. 



The relationship to C. novemnotata suggested by Mulsant is not close, 

 for the larvas offer a sharp contrast in color. The very closely allied 

 European species C. trifasciata shows only one recorded variety (variety 

 fennica) in which the intermediate band is broken. This variety was 

 seen only once in one of the heredity experiments referred to later. In 

 eastern North America C. perplexa is remarkably constant, but in the 

 West it becomes more and more variable, always, however, in the direc- 

 tion of reduction of pigment. 



Subspecies of Oregon characterized by the presence of variety subversa 

 andF. 



Subspecies of California characterized by the presence of Juliana. 



Subspecies of Eastern States: The three bands seldom suffer reduction. 



Two mated females kindly sent me by Professor Terhune, from Lon- 

 don, Ontario, gave me two fraternities. In one of these all 11 individuals 

 were normal like the parent. In the other fraternity 1 of the 3 individ- 

 uals corresponded to the variety fennica of C. trifasciata which I have not 

 seen in C. perplexa. 



