GENUS SECALE. 



371 



same as that of the grains of RIanimotli Winter rye. After heating in wat<'r until all the grains are 

 completely gelatinized, the solution colors fairly and the gelatinized grains very deeply. After boil- 

 ing for 2 minutes the solution colors very deeply and most of the grain-residues very lightly. The 

 capsules, which are nnicli crumjjled and folded, are colored a red-violet with an excess of iodine. 



^tainiitg Reactions. With gentian violet the grains begin to stain lightly at once and in 30 

 minutes they are lightly stained. The color is a little deeper than that of the grains of Manmioth 

 Winter rj'e. 



With safranin the grains begin to stain lightly at once and in 30 minutes they are lightly 

 stained. The color is slightly deeper than that of the grains of Mammoth Winter rye. 



Temperature Reaction. The t^-mperaturc of gelatinization is 61 to 63 C, mean 62. 



Effects of Various Reagents. With chloral hydrate-iodine the reaction begins in many of the grains 

 immediately. About nine-tenths are gelatinized in 5 minutes, and all in 10 minutes. The reaction 

 is the same qualitatively as that of the grains of Mammoth Winter rye. 



The reaction with chromic add begins in from 20 to 30 seconds and is over in 2 minutes. It 

 is the same qualitatively as that of the grains of Mammoth Winter rye. 



With pijrogallic acid the reaction begins in some of the grains in 10 to 15 seconds and in the rest 

 in 30 minutes. It is over in IJ^ minutes. It is the same qualitatively as that of the grains of Mam- 

 moth Winter rye. 



The reaction begins in a few grains in a minute with ferric chloride. In 30 minutes about 

 two-thirds of the grains are completely gelatinized, and in an hour practically all are completely 

 gelatinized. The reaction is the same qualitatively as that of the gi-ains of IMammoth Winter rye. 



The reaction with Purdy's solution begins in some of the grains in a minute and in most in 3 

 minutes. There is but little change after this, even at the end of an hour. 



Differentiation of the Starches of the Genus Secale. 

 Histological Characteristics. Polabiscopic Pkoperties. Continued. 



Conspicuous Forms. 



Mammoth Winter rye: Simple. Large grains round, oval, 



ovoid; small grains globular to oval. 

 Spring rye: Same as in Mammoth Winter rye. 



Hilum Form, Number, ami Position. 



Mammoth Winter rye: Form not u.sually visible; clear, 

 rotmd spot, or irregular cavity or clefts. Position 

 centric or slightly eccentric. 



Spring rye: Form same as for Mammoth Winter rye. 

 Position centric or slightly eccentric. 



Lamcllw General Characteristics and Number. 



Mammoth Winter rye: Usually indistinct; fine concentric, 

 regular rings. From 12 to 16 on the larger grains. 



Spring rye: Same as in Mammoth Winter rye. From 

 12 to 16 on the larger grains. 



Size. 



Mammoth Winter rye: From 2 to 48/i, usually 28;u. 

 Spring rye: From 2 to 48;i, usually 28m. 



Polabiscopic Properties. 



Mammoth Winter rye: Usually centric, not distinct in 

 large grains, but distinct in medium and small- 

 sized grains; central dark area in large grains; 

 lines usually rather thick and straight. 



Spring rye: Same .as for Mammoth Winter rye, but the 

 figure is distinct in a larger proportion of the 

 larger grains. 



Degree of Polarization. 



Mammoth Winter rye: Low to fairly high, on the whole 



low. 

 Spring rye: I^ow to fairly high, on the whole somewhat 



higher than in Mammoth Winter rye. 



Polarization with Selcnile Quadrants and Colors. 



Mammoth Winter rye: Quadrants not well defined, slightly 

 irregular in shape and unequal in size. Color not 

 pure. 



Spring rye: Quadrants same as in Mammoth Winter 

 rye. Color not pure. 



Iodine Reactions. 



Intensity and Color. 



Mammoth Winter rye: Fairly deep; blue lo reddish- violet. 

 Spring rye: l''airly deep, the same as in Mammoth Winter 

 rye; blue to reddish-violet. 



Staining Reaction.s. 



With Gentian Violet. 



Mammoth Winter rye: Very light to light. 

 Spring rye: Light, slightly deeper than in Mammoth 

 Winter rye. 



With Safranin. 



Mammoth Winter rye: Very light to light. 

 Spring rye: Light, slightly deeper than Mammoth Winter 

 rye. 



Temper.\ture of Gelatinization. 



Mammoth Winter rye: 60 to 62 C, mean 61. 

 Spnng rye: 61 to 63 C, mean 62. 



Effects of Various Reagents. 

 Reaction with Chloral Hydrate-Iodine. 



Mammoth Winter rye: Begins in most in 2 minutes; 



complete in all in 20 minutes. 

 Spring rye: Begins in most in 2 minutes; complete in 



all in 10 minutes. 



