GENUS LILIUM. 



477 



marked by a cavitj', or by a verj' short, narrow fissure, or less often a broad cleft from which a refrac- 

 tive line extends on each side towards the distal end. 



The lamellce are fairly distinct, usually regular circles or ellipses, or arcs of circles. They are 

 fine and fairly distinct on about three-fourths of the grain, but usually coarse and verj' distinct 

 near the distal end. There are sometimes one or two lamellae near the equator of the grain, also 

 coarse and very distinct. They vary somewhat in size and distinctness in different grains. There 

 are about 35 to 40 lamella? on the larger grains. 



The grains vary in size from the small round forms, which are 8 by 8ju, to the larger elongated 

 forms, which are 70 by 32yu, and the broad forms, which are 66 by 66// in length and breadth. The 

 common size is 40 by 22/i. 



Polariscopic Properties. The figure is very eccentric, distinct, but not clear-cut. The lines 

 composing it may vary in width along their course, and they tend to become broader but less well 

 defineil as they approach the margin. They are some- 

 times bisected, but rarely further divided. They are also 

 rarely bent or otherwise distorted, and they may be 

 placed at varying angles from one another. 



The degree of polarization is fairly high, not varying 

 much in different grains, but varying in different aspects 

 of the same grain, being highest when the grain is viewed 

 on end or edge. It is not so high as in L. candidum. 



With selenite the quadrants are commonly fairly well 

 defined, usually regular in shape and unequal in size. The 

 colors are fairly pure, in many grains quite pure. 



Iodine Reactions. With 0.25 per cent Lugol's solu- 

 tion the grains all color a deep blue-violet; with 0.125 per 

 cent solution they all color fairly deeply, and the color 

 deepens rapidly. It is not quite so deep as that of the 

 grains of L. candidum. After heating in water until all 

 the grains are completely gelatinized, the solution colors 

 deeply and the swollen grains very deeply on the addi- 

 tion of iodine. After boiling for 2 minutes, the solution 

 colors very deeply, but most of the grain-residues not 

 at all, and some only lightly. The capsules are all colored a red-violet with an excess of iodine. 



Staining Reactio7is. With gentian violet the grains begin to stain at once. After remaining in the 

 solution for 30 minutes they are still only lightly stained, about the same as those of L. candidum. 



With safranin the grains begin to stain at once. After remaining in the solution for 30 

 minutes they are still only lightly stained, and not quite so much as those of L. candidum. 



Temperature Reaction. The temperature of gelatinization is 62.1 to 63 C, mean 62.55. 



Effects of Various Reagents. With chloral hydrate-iodine the grains begin to react at once. A 

 few are gelatinized in a minute, the majority in 8 minutes, and all in 12 minutes. A dark ring or 

 cleft is frequently formed at the hilum. A protuberance usually appears first at the proximal end, 

 later at the distal end. The gelatinized grains are about as regular and the reaction is qualitatively 

 the same as in L. candidum. 



The grains begin to react at once with chromic acid and all are dissolved in 40 seconds. A bubble 

 usually appears at the hilum. The reaction is qualitativelj' the same as in L. candidum. 



Reaction with pyrogallic acid begins at once and all the grains are gelatinized in 45 seconds. 

 A bubble sometimes appears at the proximal end. The gelatinized grains are more regular in out- 

 line than in L. candidum, the proximal end of more grains is rounded, and a sharp, serrated capsule 

 is more frequently formed. A number of refractive granules remain in the gelatinized mass. The 

 reaction is qualitatively the same as in L. candidum. 



With ferric chloride the grains begin to react in iK minutes, few are gelatinized in 3 minutes, 

 the majority in 9 minutes, and all in 17 minutes. The flowing gelatinization movement usually 

 begins at the distal end and later appears at the proximal end. The reaction is qualitatively the 

 same as in L. candidum. 



The grains begin to react at once with Purdy's solidion and all are gelatinized in 35 seconds. 

 A bubble is frequently formed at the hilum, but disappeai's more quickly than in many forms of 



Curve of Reaction-Intensities of Starch of Lilium 

 longiflorum var. giganteum. 



