4S6 



STARCHES OF LILIACE^. 



end. The conspicuous forms are narrow triangular to pyriform with rounded bases and angles, 

 elongated ovoid, and narrow elliptical, often wnth a somewhat fiattened distal end; also broadly tri- 

 angular forms with rounded bases and angles, clam-shell-shaped, mussel-shell-shaped, oyster-shell- 

 shaped, quadrilateral with rounded angles, and nearly round forms. The comparatively few small 

 grains are usually round or elliptical. 



The hilum is a small, rather indistinct, round, eccentric spot. Its range of eccentricity is from 

 one-fifth to one-sixth, usually one-fifth. It may be marked by a small, single, straight, narrow, 

 clean-cut, transverse fissure, with sometimes a refractive line extending outward toward the distal 

 end from each side of the fissure. 



The lamellce are not very distinct fine lines that are continuous as circles or ellipses near the 

 hilum, and appear to be discontinuous at the equator and distal end of the grain. They are usually 

 fairly regular, but sometimes show bending and wavi- 

 ness in outline. They vary in size and distinctness in 

 different grains, and are also generally not so fine but 

 more distinct near the equator and the distal end of the 

 grain than near the hilum. There appear to be about 30 

 on the larger grains, but this number is probably not 

 accurate. 



The grains vary in size; the smaller are 8 by S/x; the 

 largest narrow elongated forms are 80 by 44m; the largest 

 broad elongated forms are 60 by 48^ in length and breadth ; 

 the common size is 42 by 28/i. 



Polariscopic Properties. The figure is very eccentric, 

 distinct, but often not clear-cut, since the lines become 

 broader and less clearly defined as they proceed from the 

 region of the hilum. They are often bisected and other- 

 wise divided for some portion of their length, and arc usu- 

 ally of irregular width, and bent, thus distorting the figure 

 even to a greater extent than in the grains of L. candidum. 

 The lines may be placed at varying angles. 



The degree of polarization is high. It does not vary 

 much in different grains, but is markedly higher when the grain is viewed on end or edge, and also 

 varies in different parts of a given aspect of the same grain. It is slightly lower than that of the 

 grains of L. candidum. 



With sclenite the quadrants are generally not well defined, often irregular in shape, and usually 

 unequal in size. The colors are not pure. 



Iodine Reactions. With 0.25 per cent Lugol's solution the grains all color a deep blue-violet; 

 with 0.12.5 per cent solution they color fairly deeply and the color deepens rapidly. It is not quite 

 so deep as that of the grains of L. candidum. After heating in water until all the grains are com- 

 pletely gelatinized, the solution colors deeply and the swollen grains very deeply on the addition 

 of iodine. After boiling for 2 minutes the solution colors very deeply and the grain-residues not 

 at all or lightly. The capsules all color a red-violet with an excess of iodine. 



Staining Reactions. With gentian violet and with safranin the grains begin to stain at once. 

 After remaining in solution for 30 minutes they are only stained rather lightly, the same as in 

 the gi'ains of L. candidum. 



Temperature Reaction. The temperature of gelatinization is 58 to 59.2 C, mean 58.6. 



Effects of Various Reagents. With chloral hydrate-iodine the grains begin to react at once. A 

 few are gelatinized in 2 minutes, the majority in G minutes, almost all in 10 minutes, and all in 17 

 minutes. Either a dark spot or line appears at the hilum. A protuberance frequently forms first 

 at the proximal end, then at the distal margin, and sometimes at the corners limiting the distal 

 margin of the broadly triangular grains. Gelatinization usually proceeds towards the center, more 

 quickly from the proximal than the distal end. The outline of the gelatinized grain is more undulat- 

 ing than in the grains of L. candidum, but the reaction is the same qualitatively. 



With chromic acid the grains begin to react at once and the reaction is complete in 70 seconds. 

 A bubble is formed at the hilum more frequently than in L. candidum. The reaction is qualitatively 

 the same as the grains of L. candidum. 



Curve of Reaction-Intensities of Starch of Lilium 

 auratum. 



