GENUS LILIUM. 



491 



The reaction with Punb/'s ffohition Iiogins at once. Manj' grains are gelatinized in 20 seconds 

 and all in 25 seconds. A lnil)i)le frequently appears at the hiium, and the outermost lamellar layer 

 is invaginated at the proximal end. During gelatinization one lamella, located half way between 

 the hilum and the distal margin, appears to be formed into brilliant, refractive granules. The reaction 

 is qualitatively the same as in the grains of L. candidum. 



STARCH OF LILIUM TENUIFOLIUM. (Plate 24, figs. 139 and 140. Chart 109.) 



Histological Characteristics. In form the grains are simple, isolated, and without pressure 

 facets. Owing to inequalities of development, which cause depressions or elevations, the surface of 

 the grains is often irregular, and there is greater prominence of one side of the distal end or of one 

 side of the grain than of the other. The conspicuous forms are the irregularly elliptical, which may 

 have the distal end somewhat broadened or flattened, and often with one side bulging and the other 

 flattened; and the regular and irregular, triangular, with a curved base and rounded angles, and 

 often with one corner at the base cut off obliquely; also pyriform, quadrilateral, rod-shaped, and 

 ovoid grains. The fairly numerous small grains are oval, ellijitical, nearly round, or round. 



The hilum is a distinct, rather small round spot or cavity, from which two lines often extend 

 on each side towards the distal end. It has a range of eccentricity of from one-fourth to one-sixth, 

 usually one-fifth, of the longitudinal axis. The hilum is rarely fissured. 



The lamellce are usually not very distinct, regular circles, ellipses, or arcs of ellipses or circles. 

 They are fine near the hilum and for about two-thirds to three-fourths of the length of the grain, 

 but become rather coarse and more distinct near the dis- 

 tal end. There are about 20 to 2.5 on the larger grains. 



The grains vary in size from the smaller, which are 

 4 by 4yu, to the larger elongated forms, which are 38 by 

 14ju, and the larger broadened forms, which are 42 by 

 44/i in length and breadth. The common size is 22 by 12/i. 



Polariscopic Properties. The figure is eccentric, dis- 

 tinct, and often clear-cut. The lines composing it are in 

 some cases broadened in some part of their length. They 

 are also occasionally bisected, frequently bent, and placed 

 at varying angles to one another. 



The degree of polarization is fairly high, varying some- 

 what in different grains and in different aspects of the 

 same grain, being highest when the grain is viewed on end 

 or edge. It is less than that of the grains of L. candidum. 



With selenite the quadrants are not sharply defined, 

 are irregular in shape, and unequal in size. The colors 

 are not pure. 



Iodine Reactions. With 0.25 per cent Lugol's solu- 

 tion the grains color a deep blue-violet; with 0.125 per 



cent solution they color fairly deeply and the color deepens rapidly. It is the same as that of the 

 grains of L. candidum. After heating in water until all the grains are completely gelatinized, the 

 solution colors deeply and the gelatinized grains very deeply on the addition of iodine. After boil- 

 ing for 2 minutes the solution colors very deeply, but most of the grain-residues not at all or lightly. 

 The capsules are all colored a red-violet with an excess of iodine. 



Staining Reactions. With gentian violet the grains begin to stain at once and after remaining 

 in the solution for 30 minutes are fairly well stained. The color is more than that of the grains 

 of L. candidum. 



With safranin the grains begin to stain at once and after remaining in the solution for 30 minutes 

 they are lightly stained, less than the grains of L. candidum. 



Temperature Reaction. The temperature of gelatinization is 56.0 to 58 C, mean 57.3. 



Effects of Various Reagents. With chloral hydrate-iodine the grains l)egin to react at once. 

 A few are gelatinized in 30 seconds, the majority in 5 minutes, and all in 8 minutes. Either a dark 

 spot or ring usually appears at the hilum. One or more protuberances generally first appear at the 

 proximal end and later at the other end. The outline of the gelatinized grain is undulating and 

 more irregular than L. candidum, but the processes are qualitatively the same. 



