498 



STARCHES OP LTLIACEiE. 



Differentiation of Certain Starches of the Genus Lilium. Continued. 



Effects of Vamous Reagents. Continued. 



Reaction with Ferric Chloride. Continued. 



L. marlagon: Begins in 40 seconds; complete in all in 15 



minutes. 



L. siiperbum: Begins in 30 seconds; complete in all in 10 

 minutes. 



L. tenuifolium: Begins at once; complete in all in 17 min- 

 utes. 



L. pardalinum: Begins at once; complete in all in IS min- 

 utes. 



L. puberulutn: Begins at once; complete in all in 10 min- 

 utes. 



Reaction with Pttrdy's Solution. 



L. candidum: Begins at once; comjjlete in all in 40 seconds. 

 L. longiflorum var. giganteum: Begins at once; complete 



in all in 35 seconds. 

 L. longiflorum var. cximium: Begins at once; complete 



in all in 30 seconds. 



Effects of Various Reagents. Continued. 



Reaction with Purdy's Solution. Continued. 



L. parryi: Begins at once; complete in all in 20 seconds. 



L. rubfilum: Begins at once; complete in all in 20 seconds. 



L. philadelphicum: Begins at once; comijlete in all in 23 



seconds. 

 L. iigrinum var. spletidcns: Begins at once; complete in 



all in 20 seconds. 

 L. henryi: Begins at once; complete in all in 20 seconds. 

 L. auratum: Begins at once; complete in all in 35 seconds. 

 L. speciosum var. album: Begins at once; complete in all 



in 15 seconds. 

 L. martagon: Begins at once; complete in all in 25 .seconds. 

 L. superbiim: Begins at once; complete in all in 25 seconds. 

 L. tenuifolium: Begins at once; complete in all in 25 



seconds. 

 L. pardalinum.: Begins at once; complete in all in 30 



seconds. 

 L. puberulum: Begins at once; complete in all in 30 seconds. 



NOTES ON THE STARCHES OF LILIUM. 



Throughout the Hhes there is a common type of grain with variations to be noted in the differ- 

 ent starches; also some differences, rather indefinite, between the groups constituted by the sub- 

 genera. By reference to the photographs (plates 20 to 24) it will be found that the general appear- 

 ances of the starches obtained from the members of the subgenus Eulirion have characteristics 

 exceedingly alike, the main differences being in size and numerical distribution of the different 

 conspicuous forms. In L. philadelphicu7n, the onlj' member of the subgenus IsoUrion, the grains 

 are smaller, but the shape of the grain is distinctly more towards the type in which both ends are 

 of the same form, in contradistinction to the grain of Eulirion, where one end tends to be larger 

 than the other; and the hilum is more distinct, but the lamella; generally less distinct. In the sub- 

 genus Archlirion there is a marked tendency to irregularity of shape, and particularly to grains that 

 have the distal end flattened. The starch of L. tigrinuni var. splendens differs very noticeably from 

 those of other species of this subgenus. In the subgenus Martagon the histological peculiarities, on 

 the whole, bear a much closer relationship to Archlirion than to Eulirion or IsoUrion. In the polari- 

 scopic and other reactions, while all the starches exhibit specific differences here and there, they are 

 not differences which are associated with the subgenera grouping in other words, composite curves 

 of the reactions of the members of the several subgenera would not differ in essential respects from one 

 another. It may be that the division into subgenera, as quoted, is botanically artificial and not in ac- 

 cord \vith inherent peculiarities of the species. The starches of the different species differ, and in some 

 of the reactions, especially in the temperature of gelatinization, the variations are more or less marked. 



GENUS FRITILLARIA. 



Fritillaria is a genus of liliaceous, bulbous plants, mostly natives of Europe and Asia, and to 

 some extent of the Pacific slope of North America. Nearly all the Old World fritillaries resemble 

 tulips in having tunicated bulbs, while those of the New World resemble the lilies in having scaly 

 bulbs. Some are popularly known as lilies, and one of the best known native species {F. meleagris) 

 is referred to popularly as the snakes-head lily or checkered lily, but its flowers are bell-shaped, 

 while those of the lilies are funnel-shaped. The genus has been divided by Baker into 10 subgenera 

 and includes about 40 species. In accordance with peculiarities of the bulbs, the genus has been 

 classified in two groups. Starches from 8 specimens were examined, including the following: 



Group I, having tunicated bulbs: F. meleagris Linn., F. pyrenaica Linn., F. pudica Spreng., 

 F. aurea Schott., F. armena Boiss. 



Group II, having scaly bulbs : F. impcrialis var. aurora Hort., F. liliacea Lindl., F. rccurva Benth. 



STARCH OF FRITILLARIA MELEAGRIS. (Plate 25, figs. 145 and 140. Chart 112.) 



Histological Characteristics. In form the grains are almost solely simple and isolated, except 

 a few in small aggregates. Very rare compound grains of few components are observed. The 

 surface is usually regular, and such irregularities as occur take the form of small rounded projec- 

 tions or nipple-Uke processes from the sides or distal end, and are prol)ably due to unecjual develop- 



