506 STARCHES OF LILIACE^. 



Staining Reactions. With gentian violet and with safranin the grains stain very faintly at once 

 and in 30 minutes are stained very Hghtly. The color is much less than that in F. meleagris. 



Temperature Reaction. The temperature of gelatinization is 68.2 to 68.6 C, mean 68.4. 



Effects of Various Reagents. With chloral hydrate-iodine the grains begin to react at once. 

 A few are completely gelatinized in Ij^ minutes, about half in 5 minutes, the majority in 8 minutes, 

 and all in 12 minutes. The process is qualitatively the same as in F. meleagris, but the hilum is 

 not so distinct and swelling of the grain more often proceeds without the formation of protuber- 

 ances, and the gelatinized grain is more regular in outline. 



The grains begin to react with chromic acid at once. Some are dissolved in 30 seconds and all 

 in a minute. The process is qualitatively the same with F. meleagris, but a bubble is not so fre- 

 quently formed at the hilum. 



Reaction with pyrogallic acid begins in 30 seconds and the process is complete in 2^/^ minutes. 

 The hilum and lamellte become very distinct and the hilum swells. The lamelliE towards the distal 

 margin are striated and fine radiating lines pass from the central, clear portion towards the margin. 

 Gelatinization continues gradually towards the distal margin until the entire grain is affected 

 except the outer part, which has a serrated lining and frequently a few refractive granules embedded 

 in gelatinized starch. In the ovoid grains two plume-like channels pass from the distal corners 

 of the swollen hilum and a cluster of smaller channels extends from the base. No bubbles or trans- 

 verse lines were observed at the hilum. The grain swells uniformly in every direction, so that the 

 gelatinized grain is regxilar in outline and has practically the same shape as that of the untreated 

 grain. The reaction appears to be qualitatively the same as in F. meleagris, but neither bubbles 

 nor transverse lines were observed at the hilum, and the process is so much slower that the various 

 steps of the reaction can be better studied. 



With ferric chloride the grains begin to react in 3 minutes. Some are gelatinized in 5 minutes 

 and all in 13 minutes. The striated border surrounding the central portion becomes quite broad 

 before swelling begins. This border is much broader than in F. mleagris. The reaction is quali- 

 tatively the same as in F. meleagris. The gelatinized grains are more regular in outline than in the 

 latter and also usually swollen more in the transverse than in the longitudinal axis. 



Reaction with Picrdy's solution begins at once. Many of the larger grains are gelatinized in 2 

 minutes, all of the larger grains in 5 minutes, and all of them in 10 minutes. Some of the small grains 

 show little change in 30 minutes. The hilum becomes a very bright, refractive, round spot; the lamellae 

 grow more distinct and are striated in the broadly triangular forms, and the hilum then swells. Two 

 coarse refractive lines, as well as numerous radiating lines, pass from the hilum towards the lateral and 

 distal margins. The grains continue to swell in both the longitudinal and transverse axes until they 

 are gelatinized, with the exception of a part of the capsule at the proximal end, together with remains 

 of lamellae at the distal maigin, which later may form a serrated lining or be more irregularly arranged. 

 The ovoid forms elongate at the proximal end, and from the swollen hilum one or two root-like, clear 

 channels pass towards the distal margin, as described in F. meleagris. The gelatinized grain is much 

 enlarged and is quite regular in outline. Several of the small grains after treatment with the solution 

 for 30 minutes show no further change than a very clear, sUghtly swollen hilum and distinct striated 

 lamellae. The reaction is qualitatively the same as in F. meleagris, but a bubble was not observed at 

 the hilum, the reaction is much slower, and the gelatinized grain is more regular in outline. 



STARCH OF FRITILLARIA LILIACEA. (Plate 27, figs. 157 and 158. Chart 118.) 

 Histological Characteristics. In form the grains are almost wholly simple and isolated, except 

 a few small ones in doublets and triplets, and also a cluster of small grains at the distal end of one 

 of the large ones. Compound grains are very rare. Occasionally pressure facets appear on the iso- 

 lated grains, either one or two on a small grain, or a number of small facets at the distal end of a 

 large grain. The surface of the grains is usually somewhat regular. There are few irregularities 

 in the form of elevations and depressions, and especially a node-like protuberance of the proximal 

 end. Many grains have a refractive line, probably representing a depression, which crosses trans- 

 versely and forms a boundary between the rounded, knob-like proximal end and the body of the 

 grain. The conspicuous forms are the broad and narrow triangular with curved base and rounded 

 angles, ovoid, quadrilateral with rounded angles, pyriform, clam-shell-shaped, and elliptical; also 

 rod-shaped, oval, and nearly round. The small grains are round, oval, or ovoid in form. The knob- 

 like protrusion of the proximal end is very conspicuous in this species. 



