GENUS CALOCHORTUS, 



521 



Chart No. 128. 



1 GV 

 S 



PS CI PA CA 

 POPS 



may consist of two lines slanting downward, one on each side from the hihun, or of several irregular 

 fissures running in the direction of the longitudinal axis of the grain. 



The lamcllm are indistinct, rather regular, fine, continuous rings, not so fine but more distinct 

 near the distal end than near the hilum. They follow the outline of the margin and show marginal 

 and other surface irregularities. The number could not be accurately determined. 



The grains vary in size from 4 to 32/Li. The common size is 20ju. The common dimensions of 

 the pyriform grains are 22 by 17m and of an elliptical grain 17 by U/i in length and breadth. 



Polariscopic Properties. The figure is eccentric, usually fairly clear-cut, but not always distinct. 

 Occasionally one or more of the lines are broader and less clearly outlined than the rest of the figure. 

 The lines may be bent or otherwise somewhat distorted 

 and placed at varying angles to one another. 



The degree of polarization is fairly high, varying in 

 different grains and slightly in different aspects of the 

 same grain. It is not so high as that of the grains of 

 C. nitidiis. 



With selenite the quadrants are not well defined, are 

 unequal in size and irregular in shape. The colors are 

 usually fairly pure. 



Iodine Reactions. With 0.25 per cent Lugol's solu- 

 tion the grains at once color a blue-violet very deeplj-; 

 with 0.125 per cent solution they color at once and the 

 color deepens rapidl}'. The shade is the same as that of 

 the grains of C. nitidus. After heating until the grains are 

 completely gelatinized the solution colors fairly and the 

 grains very deeply on the addition of iodine. After boiling 

 for 2 minutes the solution colors much more deeply, but 

 the grain-residues much less. All the capsules are colored 

 a red-\'iolet with a slight excess of iodine, and most of them 

 contain some blue-reacting starch in the proximal end. 



Staining Reactions. With gentian violet the grains stain very light at once and in 30 minutes 

 are fairly stained. The shade is the same as that of the grains of C. nitidus. 



With sa.franin the grains begin to stain at once and in 30 minutes are fairly deeply stained. 

 The shade is about the same as that of the grains of C. nitidus. 



Temperature Reaction. The temperature of gelatinization is 54.2 to 56 C, mean 55.1. 



Effects of Various Reagents. With chloral hydrate-iodine there is a general reaction in 30 seconds. 

 About half are gelatinized in 2 minutes and all in 7 minutes. The reaction is qualitatively the same 

 as that of the grains of C. nitidus. 



The reaction with chromic acid begins at once and is over in 30 seconds. The reaction is quali- 

 tatively the same as that of the grains of C. nitidus. 



With pyrogallic acid some grains begin to react at once. The reaction is general in 20 seconds 

 and is complete in 4 minutes. The reaction is qualitatively the same as that of the grains of C. 

 nitidus. 



With /erne chloride many grains begin to react in 30 seconds and the reaction is general in 11 

 minutes. About half the total number are gelatinized in 13^ minutes and all in 10 minutes. The 

 reaction is qualitatively the same as that of the grains of C. nitidus. 



Reaction with Purdy's solution begins at once and is over in 45 seconds. The reaction is quali- 

 tatively the same as that of the grains of C. nitidus. 



Curve of Reaction-Intensities of Starch 

 Calochortus splendens. 



MINUTES 

 of 



