538 



STARCHES OF LILIACE^. 



Differentiation of Certain Starches of the Genus Tulipa. 



Histological Characteristics. 

 Conspicuous Forms. 



T. hageri: Simple, few doublets, generally quite regular, 

 irregularities due chiefly to slight lateral depres- 

 sions at the proximal end and to slight lateral 

 projections and nipple-like processes. Triangular 

 with rounded angles and curved base and pyriform. 



T. syhestris: Same as in T. hageri with addition of 

 somewhat clam-shell-shaped. 



T. greigi: Same as in T. hageri with addition of somewhat 

 clam-shell -shaped and flattened pyriform. 



T. billieliana: Same as in T. hageri with addition of flat- 

 tened pyriform and flask-shape. 



T. didieri: Same as in T. hageri with addition of somewhat 

 clam-shell-shaped, flattened pyriform, and Indian 

 flint arrow-head-shaped. 



T. didieri var. mauriana: Same as in T. hageri with ad- 

 dition of Indian fhnt arrow-head-shaped, and flat- 

 tened pyriform. 



T. didieri vox .Jransoniana: Same as in T. hageri with addi- 

 tion of somewhat clam-shell-shaped, flattened pyri- 

 form, and Indian flint arrow-head-shaped. 



T. clusiana: Same as in T. hageri with addition of narrow 

 triangular with curved base and rounded angles to 

 ovoid with distal end flattened, and somewhat clam- 

 shell-shaped. 



T. clusiana var. persica: Same as in T. hageri with addi- 

 tion of somewhat clam-shell-shaped. 



T. ocidus-solis: Same as in T. hageri with addition of 

 elongated triangular with curved base, somewhat 

 clam-shell-shaped. 



T. pro-cox: Same as in T. hageri with addition of some- 

 what clam-sheU-shaped. 



T. aiistralis: Same as in T. hageri with addition of some- 

 what clam-shell-shaped. 



Hilum Form, Number, and Position. 



T. hageri: Form distinct, rather small, round, single; some- 

 times a short transverse fissure present. Position 

 eccentric about 0.25 to 0.16, usually 0.20, of the 

 longitudinal axis. 



T. syhestris: Form the same as in T. hageri. Position 

 eccentric about 0.25 to 0.16, usually 0.20, of the 

 longitudinal axis. 



T. greigi: Form the same as in T. hageri. Position eccen- 

 tric about 0.20 to 0.16, usually 0.16, of the longitu- 

 dinal axis. 



T. billieliana: Form the same as in T. hageri. Position 

 eccentric about 0.20 to 0.14, usually 0.16, of the 

 longitudinal axis. 



T. didieri: Form the same as in T. hageri. Position eccen- 

 tric about 0.20 to 0.12, usually 0.16, of the longitu- 

 dinal axis. 



T. didieri var. mauriana: Form the same as in T. hageri. 

 Position eccentric about 0.20 to 0.14, usually 0.16, 

 of the longitudinal axis. 



T. didieri xai.fransoniana: Form the same as in T. hageri. 

 Position eccentric about 0.25 to 0.20, usually 0.25, 

 of the longitudinal axis. 



T. clusiana: Form the same as in T. hageri, but often not 

 so distinct. Position eccentric about 0.20 to 0.16, 

 usually 0.16, of the longitudinal axis. 



T. clusiana var. persica: Form the same as in T. hageri. 

 Position eccentric about 0.25 to 0.16, usually 0.20, 

 of the longitudinal axis. 



T. oculus-solis: Form thesame as in T. hageri, but not so dis- 

 tinct and less often fissured. Position eccentric about 

 0.25 to 0.16, usually 0.20, of the longitudinal axis. 



T. pr(ecox: Formthesameasin T. fo/jen. Position eccen- 

 tric about 0.25 to 0.16, usually 0.20, of the longitu- 

 dinal axis. 



T. australis: Form the same as in T. hageri, but hilum not 

 so refractive. Position eccentric about 0.25 to 0.16, 

 usually not quite 0.20, of the longitudinal axis. 



Histological Characteristics. Continued. 

 Lamella; General Characteristics and Number. 



T. hageri: Complete rings, when distinct, near the hilum, 

 but usually not demonstrable at this point; when 

 distal to liilum they follow the outhne of the grain, 

 and may be incomplete; frequently one or more 

 coarse refractive lamellae at varying distances from 

 hilum, interspersed with groups of fine indistinct 

 lamella;. 44 counted on larger grains. 



T. sylveslris: Same as in T. hageri. 42 on larger grains. 



T. greigi: Same as in T. hageri. 46 on larger grains. 



T. billietiana: Same as in T. hageri, but more often dis- 

 tinct in quarter section at distal margin. 44 to 48 

 on larger grains. 



T. didieri: Same as in T. hageri, except more often dis- 

 tinct in quarter section near distal margin. 27 to 

 30 on larger grains. 



T. didieri var. mauriana: Same as in T. hageri, except 

 more often distinct in quarter section, near distal 

 margin. 25 to 30 on larger grains. 



T. didieri va,T. fransoniana: Same as in T. hageri, not quite 

 so distinct. 30 on larger grains. 



T. clusiana: Same as in T. hageri. 38 to 40 on larger grains. 



T. clusiana var. persica: Same as in T. hageri, but not so 

 distinct. 27 on larger grains. 



T. oculus-solis: Same as in T. hageri, not quite so distinct. 

 30 to 32 on larger grains. 



T. prcecox: Same as in T. hageri. 38 to 40 on larger grains. 



T. australis: Same as in T. hageri, not so distinct. 24 to 

 28 on larger grains. 



Size. 

 T. hageri: From 5 to 54/i, commonly 36^. 

 T. syhestris: From 3 to 52;u, commonly 30m. 

 T. greigi: From 6 to 55m, commonly 39m- 

 T. billietiana: From 6 to 44m, commonly 36m. 

 T. didieri: From 4 to 50m, commonly 32m. 

 T. didieri var. mauriana: From 6 to 5Sm, commonlj' 36m. 

 T. didieri var. fransoniana: From 6 to 50m, commonly 36m. 

 T. clusiana: From 2 to 50m, commonly 30m. 

 T. clusiana var. persica: From 4 to 4Sm, commonly 30m. 

 T. oculus-solis: From 6 to 60m, commonly 38m. 

 T. prmrox: From 6 to 60mi commonly 3Sm. 

 T. australis: From 6 to 52m, commonly 34m. 



PoLARiscopic Properties. 



Figure. 



T. hageri: Usually eccentric, generally distinct, fairly 



clear-cut, usually regular. 

 T. syhestris: Same as in T. hageri. 

 T. greigi: Same as in T. hageri. 

 T. billietiana: Same as in T. hageri. 

 T. didieri: Same as in T. hageri. 

 T. didieri var. mauriana: Same as in T. hageri. 

 T. didieri var fransoniana: Same as in T. hageri. 

 T. clusiana: Same as in T. hageri. 

 T. clusiana var. persica: Same as in T. hageri. 

 T. oculus-solis: Same as in T. hageri. 

 T. proscox: Same as in T. hageri. 

 T. australis: Same as in T. hageri. 



Degree of Polarization. 

 T. hageri: Fairly high. 



T. syhestris: Fairly high, higher than in T. hageri. 

 T. greigi: Fairly high, lower than in T. hageri. 

 T. billieliana: Fairly high, higher than in T. hageri. 

 T. didieri: Fairly high, lower than in T. hageri. 

 T. didieri var. mauriana: Fairly high, lower than in T. 



hageri. 

 T. didieri var. fransoniana: Fairly high, lower than in 7'. 



hageri. 

 T. clusiana: Fairly high, higher than in T. hageri. 

 T. clusiana var. persica: Fairly high, higher than in T. 



hageri. 



