560 



STARCHES OF LILIACEiE. 



Differentiation of Certain Starches of 

 Histological Characteristics. Continued. 

 Hiluvi Form, Number, and Position. Continued. 

 0. umbellalum: Form essentially the same as in O. nutans. 

 Position eccentric about 0.33 of the longitudinal 

 axis. 

 O. narbonmse (pyramidale): Form essentially the same 

 as in O. nutans. Position eccentric 0.25 to 0.33 

 of the longitudinal axis. 

 U. Ihyrsoiiles var. aureum: Form essentially the same as 

 in O. nutans. Position eccentric 0.25, less often 

 0.33, of the longitudinal axis. 



Lamellas General Characteristics and Number. 

 0. nutans: Fairly distinct, usually regular, rather coarse, 



continuous and discontinuous. 10 to 13 on larger 



grains. 

 0. umbellalum: Same as in 0. nutans. 8 to 14 on larger 



grains. 

 0. narbonense {pyramidale): Same as in O. nutans. 8 to 



12 on larger grains. 

 0. thyrsoidcs var. aureum: Same as in 0. nutans. 12 to 14 



on larger grains. 



Size. 

 O. nutans: From 6 to 38m, commonly 26m. 

 0. umbellalum: From 5 to 40m, commonly 21/1. 

 0. narbonense {pyramidale): From 5 to 40m, commonly 



24m. 

 O. thyrsoides var. aureum. From 4 to 44m, commonly 27m. 



PoLARiscopic Properties. 

 Figure. 

 V. nutans: Eccentric, distinct, fairly clear-cut, fairly reg- 

 ular. 

 0. umbellatum: Same as in 0. nutans. 

 O. narbonense (pyramidale): Same as in O. nutans, except 



usually irregular. 

 0. thyrsoides var. aureum: Same as in 0. nutans, except 

 usually irregular. 



Degree of Polarization. 

 0. nutans: High, slightly variable. 

 0. umbellatum: Fairly high, variable, lower than in 0. 



nutans. 

 0. narbonense (pyramidale): High, slightly variable, not 



quite so high as in O. nutans. 

 O. thyrsoides var. aureum: High, variable, slightly liigher 



than in O. nutans. 



Polarization with Selenite Quadrants and Colors. 

 O. nutans: Quadrants usually well-defined, fairly regular 



in shape, and unequal in size. Colors pure. 

 0. umbellatum: Quadrants usually not well defined, fairly 



regular in shape, and unequal in size. Colors 



pure. 

 O. narbonense (pyramidale): Quadrants the same as in 0. 



nutans, but irregular. Colors usually pure. 

 U. thyrsoides var. aureum: Quadrants same as in 0. nutans, 

 but irregular. Colors usually pure. 



Iodine Reactions. 

 Intensity and Color. 

 O. nutans: Fairly deep; blue- violet. 



0. umbellatum: Fairly deep, less than in 0. nutans; blue- 

 violet. 

 O. narbonense (pyramidale) : Fairly deep, slightly less than 



in O. nutans; blue-violet. 

 O. thyrsoides var. aureum: Fairly deep, less than in O. 

 nutans; blue-violet. 



the Genus Ornithogalum. Continued. 

 Staining Reactions. 



With Gentian Violet. 

 O. nutans: Deep. 



0. umbellatum: Fairly deep, not so deep as in 0. nutans. 

 O. narbonense (pyramidale): Fairly deep, not so deep as 



in 0. nutans. 

 O. thyrsoides var. aureum: Deep, not quite so deep as in 



O. nutans. 



With Safranin. 

 O. nutans: Very deep. 



O. uinbdlatam: Deep, not so deep as in 0. nutans. 

 O. narbonense (pyramidale): Faiily deep, not so deep as 



in U. nutans. 

 O. thyrsoides var. aureum: Deep, not quite so deep as in 



O. nutans. 



Temperature of Gelatinization. 

 0. nutans: 60.5 to 62.0 C, mean 61.25. 

 0. umbellatum: 56.5 to 57 C, mean 56.75. 

 O. narbonense (pyramidale): 50.5 to 56 C, mean 55.5. 

 0. thyrsoides var. aureum: 65 to 67 C, mean 66. 



Effects of Various Reagents. 



Reaction with Chloral Hydrate-Iodine. 



O. nutans: Begins in 30 seconds; complete in 8 minutes. 



O. umbellatum: Begins in 30 seconds; complete in 7 



minutes. 

 0. narbonense (pyramidale): Begins in 30 seconds; com- 

 plete in 6 minutes. 

 O. thyrsoides var. aureum: Begins in 15 seconds; com- 

 plete in 5 minutes. 



Reaction with Chromic Acid. 



0. nutans: Begins in a few seconds; complete in 45 seconds. 



0. umbellalum: Begins in a few seconds; complete in 30 

 seconds. 



0. narbonense (pyramidale): Begins at once; complete in 

 20 seconds. 



0. thyrsoides var. aureum: Begins in 15 seconds; com- 

 plete in 2 minutes. 



Reaction with Pyrogallic Acid. 



0. nutans: Begins m 15 seconds; nearly all are com- 

 pletely gelatinized in 8 minutes. 



0. umbellatum: Begins in 15 seconds; all are gelatinized 

 in 4 minutes. 



0. narbonense (ptjramidale) : Begins in 15 seconds; all are 

 gelatinized in 2 minutes. 



0. thyrsoides var. aureum: Begins at once; all are gelatin- 

 ized in lJ-2 minutes. 



Reaction with Ferric Chloride. 



0. nutans: Begins in some in 45 seconds; complete in 11 

 minutes. 



O. umbellalum: Begins in some in 45 seconds; complete 

 in 12 minutes. 



0. narbonense (pyramidale): Begins in some in 30 seconds; 

 complete in 10 minutes. 



0. thyrsoides var. aureum: Begins in some in 45 seconds; 

 complete in 14 minutes. 



Reaction with Purdy's Solution. 



0. nutans: Begins in 15 seconds; complete in 1 minute. 



U. umbellalum: Begins in a few seconds; complete in IJ^ 

 minutes. 



O. narbonense (pyramidale): Begins at once; complete in 

 most in 30 seconds, in all in IJ2 minutes. 



0. thyrsoides var. aureum: Begins in some in a few sec- 

 onds, and in all in 1 miimte; complete in most 

 grains in 4 minutes, in all in 10 minutes. 



NOTES ON THE STARCHES OF ORNITHOGALUM. 

 The four starches of Ornithogalum are primarily divisible into two groups in accordance with 

 the degree of regularity of the outline of the grains, the surface of the grains in 0. nutans and 0. 

 umbellalum being, on the whole, quite regular in comparison with those of the other two; moreover, 



