568 



STARCHES OF LILIACE/E. 



The reaction with pyrogallic acid begins in a few seconds and is over in 50 seconds. It is prob- 

 ably tlie .same qualitatively as that of the grains of E. dcns-cnms. 



With ferric chloride the reaction begins in some grains in 15 seconds, and is over in i}/^ minutes. 

 It is the same qualitatively as that of the grains of E. dens-canis. 



The reaction with Purdy's solution begins in a few seconds and is over in 50 seconds. It is the 

 same qualitatively as that of the grains of E. dens-canis. 



Differentiation of Certain Starches of the Genus Erythronium. 



Histological Characteristics. 

 Conspicuous Forms. 



E. dens-canis: Simple, few doublets, few grtiins with 

 pressure facets; surface usually regular. Klliptieal 

 ovoid, pj'riforin, and rounded triangular, with vari- 

 ations towards clam-shell and oyster-shell shapes. 



E. dens-canis var. grandijlorum: Simple, no doublets 

 noted, few grains with pressure facets, surface 

 rather irregular. Elongated ovoid to club-shape 

 and oyster-shell shape. 



E. amcricanum: Simple, few doublets, few grains with 

 pressure facets, generally regular. Pyriform, 

 ovoid, rounded ovoid, and triangular to clam- 

 shell shape. 



E. grandijlarum: Simple, doublets, and triplets, few grains 

 with pressure facets, rather irregular. Elliptical, 

 ovoid, pyriform, rounded triangular to clam-shell 

 and oyster-shell shape. More round or nearly 

 round forms than in E. dens-canis. 



E. cilrinum: Simple, some doublets and trii)lcts, few 

 grains with pressure facets, usually fairly regular. 

 Ellipsoidal to club shape, ovoid, and oval with 

 a squared distal end, oyster-shell shape. 



E. califoniicum: Simple, more doublets than in E. dctis- 

 canis, some grains with pressure facets, surface 

 rather regular. Oval-elli|itical, ovoid, pyriform, 

 irregular rounded triangular to irregular clam-shell 

 and oyster-shell types. More round grains than in 

 E dens-canis. 



II Hum Form, Number, and Position. 



E. dens-canis: Distinct spot, usually marked by an irreg- 

 ular cavity or transverse clei^t from which 2 short 

 curved fissures proceed. 2 hila are somctimrs 

 found. Position eccentric 0.20 to 0.25, usually 

 0.20, of longitudinal axis. 



E. dens-canis var. qrandiflorum.: Form same as in E. dens- 

 canis. Position eccentric 0.16 to 0.20, usually O.IG, 

 of longitudinal axis. 



E. amervMuum: Form essentially the same as in E. dens- 

 canis. Position eccentric 6.20 to 0.25, usually 0.20, 

 of longitudinal axis. 



E. grandijlorum: Form essentially the same as in E. dens- 

 canis, but hilum not as distinct or as refractive. 

 Position eccentric 0.20, rarely 0.25, of longitudinal 

 axis. 



E. cilrinum: Form essentially the same as in E. dens-canis. 

 Position eccentric 0.25 to 0.20, usually 0.25, of longi- 

 tudinal axis. 



E. californicmn: Form essentially the same as in E. dens- 

 canis, but the hilum is not so refractive. Position 

 eccentric from 0.25 to 0.16, usually 0.25, of longi- 

 tudinal axis. 



Lamdlce General CharaclerisHcs and Number. 



E. dens-canis: Fine, usually indistinct, complete and in- 

 complete, fairly regular, variable. Number not 

 determined. 



E. dens-canis var. qrandiflorum.: Essentially the same as 

 in E. dens-canis. Probably about 26 on the larger 

 grains. 



E. americanum: Essentially the same as in E. dens-canis. 

 Nimiber not determined. 



E. grandiflorum: Essentially the same as in E. dens-canis. 

 Number not determined. 



Histological Characteristics. Continued. 



Lamella: General CharaclerisHcs and Number. Cont'd. 

 E. cilrinum: Essentially the same as in E. dens-canis. 



Niuiibcr not determined. 

 E. californicum: Essentially the same asin E. dens-canis. 



Number not determined. 



Size. 

 E. dens-canis: From 6 to 40^, commonly 26;u. 

 E. dens-canis var. grandiflorum: From 4 to 46;u, com- 

 monly 28^. 

 E. americanum: From 6 to 40/1, commonly 28/i. 

 E. grandiflorum: From 8 to 33^, commonly 18/i. 

 E. cilrinum: From 4 to 38/1, commonly 30/i. 

 E. californicum: From 6 to 42m, commonly 24/i. 



PoLARiscopic Properties. 



Figure. 



E. dens-canis: Eccentric, distinct, fairly clear-out, usually 



regular, but sometimes distorted. 

 E. dens-canis var. grandiflormn : Same aaiaE. dens-canis 



but less regular. 

 E. americanum: Same as in E. dens-canis. 

 E. grandiflorum.: Same as in E. dens-canis 

 E. cilrinum: Same as in E. dens-canis. 

 E. californicum: Same as in E. dens-canis. 



Degree of Polarization. 



E. dens-canis: Fair, somewhat variable. 



E. dens-ca.nis var. grandiflorum: Fair, slightly higher and 



more variable than in E. dens-caiiis. 

 E. americanum: Fair to fairly high, somewhat variable, 



slightly liigher than in E. dens-canis. 

 E. grandijlorum: I/OW to fair, variable, lower tlian in E. 



dens-canis. 

 E. cilrinum: Van to fairly high, variable, higher than in 



E. dens-canis. 

 E. californicum: Rather low to fairly liigh, variable, on 



the whole higher than in E. dens-canis. 



Polarization with Selenite Quadrants and Colors. 



E. dens-canis: Quadrants fairly well defined, often irregu- 

 lar, unequal in size. Colors not quite pure. 



E. dens-canis var. grandiflorum: Quadrants the same as 

 in E. dens-canis. Colors not quite pure. 



E. americanum: Quadi-ants the same as in E. dens-canis, 

 but more regular. Colors not quite pure. 



E. grandiflorum: Quadrants the same as in E. dens-canis, 

 but more regular. Colors not quite jnire. 



E. cilrinum: Quadrants the same as in E. dens-canis. 

 Colors not quite pure. 



E. californicum: (Juadrants the same as in E. dens-canis. 

 Colors not quite pure, but better than in E. dens- 

 canis. 



Iodine Reactions. 

 Intensity and Color. 



E. dens-canis: Fairly deep; blue-violet. 



E. dens-canis var. grandiflorum: Fairly deep, the same as 

 in E. dens-canis; blue-violet. 



E. americanum: Fairly deep, slightly less than in E. dens- 

 canis; blue-violet. 



E. grandiflorum: Fairly deep, slightly more than in E. 

 dens-canis; blue-violet. 



