GENUS ERTTHRONIUM. 



569 



Differentiation of Certain Starches of 

 Iodine Reactions. Continued. 

 Iidensifij nnd Color. Continued. 



E. cilrinniii: l''aarly deep, less than in E . dcns-canis ; blue- 

 violet. 



E. calif ortiicum: Fairly deep, slightly less than in E. 

 dens-canis; blue-violet. 



Staining Reactions. 

 With Gentian Violet. 



E. dens-canis: liight. 



E. dens-canis var. grandiflorum: Light, slightly more than 

 in E. dens-canis. 



E. americamim: Light, slightly more than in E. dens- 

 canis. 



E. grandiflorum: Light, shghtly more than in E. dens- 

 canis. 



E. citritium: Light, slightly more than in E. dens-canis. 



E. californicum: Fair, much more than in E. dens-canis. 



With Safranin. 



E. dens-canis: Rather light. 



E. dens-canis var. grandiflorum: Rather light, same as in 

 E. dens-canis. 



E. americanum: Rather light, same as in E. dens-canis. 



E. grandiflorum: Rather light, more than in E. dens-canis. 



E. cilrinum: Rather light, slightly more than in E. dens- 

 canis. 



E. californicum: Fair, much more than in E. dens-canis. 



Temperatdre of Gelatinization. 



E. detis-catiis: 5L4 to 53.9 C, mean 52.65. 



E. dens-canis var. grandiflorum: 53.2 to 55.1 C, mean 



54.05. 

 E. americanum: 52.9 to 54 C, mean 53.45. 

 E. grandiflorum: 52.1 to 54 C, mean 53.05. 

 E. dtrinum: 49.1 to 51.8 C, mean 50.45. 

 E. californicum: 57.2 to 58.6 C, mean 57.9. 



Effects of Various Reagents. 

 Reaction loith Chloral Hydrate-Iodine. 



E. dens-canis: Begins in all in 15 seconds; complete in 

 all in 3 minutes. 



E. dens-canis var. grandiflorum: Begins in most in 45 sec- 

 onds; complete in all in 5 minutes. 



E. americanum: Begins in most in 15 seconds; complete 

 in all in 5 minutes. 



E. grandiflorum: Begins in most in a few seconds; com- 

 plete in all in 1 H minutes. 



E. cilrinum: Begins in all in 20 seconds; complete in all 

 in 35^ minutes. 



E. californicum: Begins in most in 30 seconds; complete 

 in all in 5J.^ minutes. 



the Genus Erythronium. Continued. 



Effects of Various Reagents. Continued. 

 Reaction with Chromic Acid. 



E. dens-canis: Begins at once; complete in all in 12 



seconds. 

 E. dens-canis var. grandiflorum: Begins at once; complete 



in all in 20 seconds. 

 E. americanum: Begins at once; complete in all in 15 



seconds. 

 E. grandiflorum: Begins at once; complete in less than 



10 seconds. 

 E. citrinum: Begins at once; complete in all in 20 seconds. 

 E. californicum: Begins at once; complete in all in 25 



seconds. 



Reaction with Pyrogallic Acid. 



E. dens-canis: Begins at once; complete in all in 12 

 seconds. 



E. dens-canis var. grandiflorum: Begins at once; com- 

 plete m all in 25 seconds. 



E. americanum: Begins in a few seconds; complete in 

 all in 30 seconds. 



E. grandiflorum: Begins at once; complete in all in 10 

 seconds. 



E. cilrinum: Begins at once; complete in all in 25 seconds. 



E. californicum: Begins in a few seconds; complete in all 

 in 50 seconds. 



Reaction with Ferric Chloride. 



E. dens-canis: Begins in many in a few seconds; com- 

 plete in all in 2 minutes. 



E. dens-canis var. grandiflorum: Begins in a few in a few 

 seconds; complete in all in 3J^ minutes. 



E. americanum: Begins in a few in 15 seconds; complete 

 in all in 4 minutes. 



E. grandiflorum: Begins in many in a few seconds; com- 

 plete in all in IJ/4 minutes. 



E. citrinum: Begins in some in 15 seconds; complete in 

 all in 3J^ minutes. 



E. californicum: Begins in many in 15 seconds; complete 

 in all in 4^2 minutes. 



Reaction ivith Purdy's Solution. 



E. dens-canis: Begins at once; complete in all in 15 



seconds. 

 E. dens-ca7iis var. grandiflorum: Begins at once; complete 



in all in 20 seconds. 

 E. americanum: Begins in a few seconds; complete in all 



in 20 seconds. 

 E. grandiflorum: Begias at once; complete in all within 



10 seconds. 

 E. citrinum: Begins at once; complete in all in 10 seconds. 

 E. californicum: Begins in a few seconds; complete in all 



in 50 seconds. 



NOTES ON THE STARCHES OF ERYTHRONIUM. 



In histological features it will be observed that there are more or less marked variations in the 

 different starches in relation to the characters of the outlines of the grains, the relative numbers 

 of different types of grains, the pecuharities of the hilum, and fissuration and size, which, as a whole, 

 are of diagnostic value. In their reactions the variations recorded in the responsivities with iodine, 

 anilines, chromic acid, pyrogallic acid, and Purdy's solution are within narrow limits. The great 

 sensitivity of all the starches to the chemical reagents makes the time of the reactions exceedingly 

 short, all the reactions being complete within a few minutes. In the degree of polarization the range 

 is from light to fair to fairly high; in the temperatures of gelatinization the range is from 50.45 

 to 57.9; in the chloral hydrate-iodine reactions the limits are from Ij^ to 53^ minutes; in the ferric 

 chloride reactions in 1}^ to 4J^ minutes; and in the chromic acid, ferric chloride, and Purdy solutiom 

 reactions within a minute. There is a close correspondence in the records of E. dens-canis and its 

 variety grandijlora, and there appears to be a close relationship between these and E. americanum, 

 which is in accord with botanical data. The former are European and the latter American. 



