574 STARCHES OF LILIACEiE. 



Iodine Reactions. \\ith 0.25 per cent Lugol's solution the grains color a fairly deep violet 

 which deepens gradually, some grains becoming much deeper than others. The color is lighter and 

 a little more reddish than the grains of H. orientaUs var. alba superbissima, and there is also a much 

 greater variation in the depth of tint of the different grains. With 0.125 per cent solution the grains 

 color a light reddish-violet, which deepens gradually, some grains becoming much deeper than 

 others. After heating in water until all the grains are gelatinized, the solution colors a fairly 

 deep blue and the grains a purplish-blue on the addition of iodine. If the grains are boiled for 2 

 minutes and then treated with iodine, the solution becomes colored quite deeply and the grain- 

 residues a fairly bright and pure blue. With an excess of iodine the capsules color a deep red-violet 

 to a deep heliotrope, rarely a wine-retl. The color is not quite so red as in H. orientaUs var. 

 alba superbissima. 



Staining Reactions. With gentian violet the grains color very slightly at once and in 30 minutes 

 are fairly stained. The tint is about the same as in H. orientaUs var. alba superbissima. 



With safranin the grains show a faint trace of color at once and in 30 minutes are fairly deeply 

 stained. The color is about the same as in H. orientaUs var. alba stiperbissima. 



Temperature Reaction. The temperature of gelatinization is 69 to 70 C, mean 69.5. 



Effects of Various Reagents. With chloral hydrate-iodine reaction begins at once. A few grains 

 are gelatinized in a minute, the majority in 5 minutes, about nine-tenths in 10 minutes, and all but 

 rare resistant grains in 15 minutes. The reaction is complete in the latter usually in from 17 to 20 

 minutes, rarely as long as 24 minutes. The most resistant grains are the small ones with regular 

 outline. The reaction is qualitatively the same as in H. orientaUs var. alba superbissima. 



Reaction with chromic acid begins at once. A few grains are gelatinized in 1% minutes, the 

 majority in 2 minutes, and all in 3 minutes. The reaction is qualitatively the same as in H. orien- 

 taUs var. alba superbissima. 



The reaction with pyrogallic acid begins at once. Many are gelatinized in 30 seconds, and all 

 in a minute. The reaction is qualitatively the same as in H. orientaUs var. alba superbissima. 



With ferric chloride the reaction begins immediately. A few grains are gelatinized in 1 J^ minutes, 

 the majority in 5 minutes, about nine-tenths in 10 minutes, and all but rare resistant grains in 13 

 minutes. The reaction is complete in the latter in from 16 to 18 minutes, rarely as long as 25 minutes. 

 The reaction is qualitatively the same as in H. orientaUs var. alba sxiperbissima. 



Reaction with Purdy's solution begins immediately. A few grains are gelatinized in 30 seconds, 

 all are partially gelatinized in 15 minutes, and about two-thirds are almost completely gelatinized 

 in 30 minutes, while in the remainder the hilum is swollen and usually one or more delicate fissures 

 proceed from it. The reaction is incomplete at the end of an hour. The medium-sized grains with 

 regular outline are the most resistant. The reaction is qualitatively the same as in H. orientaUs 

 var. alba superbissima. 



Differentiation of Certain Starches of the Genus Hyacinthus. 



Histological Characteristics. 

 Conspicuous Forms. 



H. orienlalis\a.r. alba superbissima: Simple and compound, 

 pressure facets occasionally observed, siu'face often 

 irregular owing to protuberances in the form of sec- 

 ondary lamellae, and rounded and nijiple-like promi- 

 nences. Ovoid having a rounded proximal end and 

 broadened somewhat flattened distal end, ellip- 

 soidal, nearly round and pyriform. 



H. orientaUs var. albulus (white) : Essentially the same 

 as in H. orientaUs var. alba superbissima. Clam- 

 shell type more numerous. 



//. orientaUs var. albulus (Italian) : Essentially the same 

 as in H. orientaUs var. alba superbissima, but of 

 clam-shell type, and fewer doublets consisting of 

 a large and a small grain. 



Hilum Form, Number, and Position. 



H. orientaUs var. alba superbissima: Form large, round or 

 lenticular, often a cavity, often fissured; fissures 

 single or cross or irregular, thorn-shaped or stel- 

 late. Position eccentric about 0.40 to 0.33, excejit 

 in the round forms, in which it is centric. 



Histological Characteristics. Continued. 

 Hilum Form, Number, and Position. Continued. 



H. orientaUs var. albus (white): Form the same as in //. 

 orientaUs var. alba superbissima. Position eccen- 

 tric about 0.40 to 0.33, except in the round forms, 

 where it is centric. 



//. orientaUs var. albus (Italian) : Form the same as in //. 

 orientaUs var. alba superbissima, except fissuration 

 and cruciate form more common. Position eccen- 

 tric about 0.40 to 0.33, except in the round forms, 

 where it is centric. 



Lamella' General Characteristics and Number. 



H. orientaUs var. alba superbissiyna: Coarse distinct rings 

 at hilum tend to have form of outline of grain and 

 may be incomplete elsewhere ; 1 or 2 lamelte usually 

 very distinct. About 12 to 14 on larger grains. 



H. orientaUs var. albulus (white) : Same as in H. orientaUs 

 var. alba superbissima. About 12 to 14 on larger 

 grains. 



H. orientaUs VHT. albulus (ItaMan): Quite coarse, otherwise 

 essentially the same as in H. orientaUs var. alba 

 superbissima. About 10 to 12 on larger gi'aina. 



