580 



STARCHES OF LILIACEvE. 



are frequently irregular in shape and unequal in size. In some forms the colors arc pure, while in 

 others they appear mixed. 



Iodine Rcactiuns. With 0.25 per cent Lugol's solution the grains color a deep blue-violet; 

 with 0.125 per cent solution they color fairly. The color is slightly less than that of the grains of 

 M. hotrymdes. After heating in water until all the grains are completely gelatinized, the solution 

 colors fairly and the swollen grains deeply on the addition of iodine. After boiling for 2 minutes, 

 the solution colors deeply and the grain-residues deeply, lightly, or not at all. The capsules color 

 a reddish-violet with a slight excess of iodine. 



Slainmg Readions. With gentian violet the grains begin to stain at once and in 30 minutes 

 they are fairly deeply stained. The color is slightly deeper than that of M. botryoides. 



With safranin the grains begin to stain at once and in 30 minutes they are fairly deeply stained. 

 The color is deeper than that of M. botryoides. 



Temperature Reaction: The temperature of gelatinization is 72 to 74 C, mean 73. 



Effects of Various Reagents. With chloral hydrate-iodine reaction begins in about half the grains 

 in 45 seconds. About half of the grains are gelatinized in 15 minutes, three-fourths in 30 minutes, 

 and four-fifths in 40 minutes. The reaction is the same qualitatively as that of the grains of M. 

 botryoides. 



The reaction with chromic add begins in all the grains in 30 seconds and is over in 4 minutes. 

 It is the same qualitatively as that of the grains of M. botryoides. 



Reaction with pyrogallic acid begins in some grains in 45 seconds and in all in 1}^ minutes. 

 About one-half are partially and one-half completely gelatinized in 7 minutes, and all are completely 

 gelatinized in 18 minutes. The reaction is the same qualitatively as that of the grains of M. botryoides. 



With ferric chloride the reaction begins in a few grains in a minute. It is over in four-fifths in 

 30 minutes, and in all in 45 minutes. It is the same qualitatively as that of the grains of M. botryoides. 



The reaction with Purdy's solution begins in most grains in a minute and about one-fifth are 

 partially gelatinized in 10 minutes without further important effect in an hour. The reaction is 

 qualitatively the same as that of the grains of M. botryoides. 



STARCH OF MUSCARI MICRANTHUM. (Plate 43, figs. 253 and 254. Chart 165.) 



Histological Characteristics. In form the grains are usually simple and for the most part iso- 

 lated. There are a few compound grains in the form of doublets, and also a number of aggregates 

 in the form of doublets, and also some clumps. As a rule, the surface of the grains is quite regular. 

 The conspicuous forms are round, oval to ovoid, with some 

 transitions from the ovoid with one margin flattened, to 

 the triangular with rounded corners, and to the clam- 

 shell-shapcd grains. Some ovoid grains are squared at 

 the distal end. The mussel-shell-shaped forms often show 

 indentations at the distal margin. Isolated grains occa- 

 sionally have one or more pressure facets. When on 

 edge they are flattened ellipses, or somewhat lenticular, 

 or wedge-shaped. The grains bear close general resem- 

 blances to those of M. botryoides, but are smaller, and 

 comparatively frequently fissured. 



The hilum appears as a round or oval spot, centric 

 in the rounded grains and eccentric in the other forms 

 from one-fom-th to four-ninths, commonly one-third, of 

 the longitudinal axis. The hilum is sometimes fissured. 

 The fissure may Ijc a transverse or longitudinal straight 

 or curved line; or two fissures may be present and form 

 a cross; or fissures may radiate from the hilum, frequently 

 three in number, or multiple fissures may form a stellate 

 figure in the region of the hilum. Two hila may be 



seen separated by a short, transverse fi.ssure. Crescent-shaped fissures may occasionally be noted, 

 but apparently without connection with the hilum. 



The la7nella; are rather fine, fairly distinct, complete rings near the hilum, more distinct but 

 finer near the margin and distal end; usually regular, but sometimes irregular near the distal margin; 



Chart No. 163. 



VH VD 50" 



PA FC P S CI PA 

 PC PS 



Curve of Reaction-Intensities of Starch of 

 Muscari micranthum. 



