GENUS LACHENALIA. 



613 



Differentiation of Certain Starches of the Genus Lachenalia. Continued. 



L. 



PoLARiscopic Properties. Continued. 

 Polarization with Sdcnite Quadrants and Colors. 

 l)cndida: Quailrant.s well defined, roRuIar, somewhat 



unequal in size. Colors fairly jiure. 

 tricolor \-ar. lultola: Quadrants same as in L. pcndula, 



but with less tendency to regularity and equality. 



Colors fairly pure. 



Iodine Re.\ction.s. 



Intensity and Color. 



L. pcndula: Deep; blue-violet. 



L. tricolor var. luteola: Deep, but not so deep as in L. 

 pcndula; blue-violet. 



Staining Reactions. 

 With Gentian Violet. 

 L. pendula: Fair. 

 L. tricolor var. luteola: Fair, the same as in L. pcndula. 



With Safranin. 

 L. pendida: Fair. 



L. tricolor var. luteola: Fair, but slightly deeper than in 

 L. pendula. 



Temperature of Gel.^tinization. 



L. pendtda: 60.1 to 60.7 C, mean 60.4. 



L. tricolor var. luteola: 72.9 to 74.2 C, mean 73.55. 



Effects of Various Reagents. 

 Reaction with Chloral Hydrate-Iodine. 

 L. pendula: Begins in many grains in a minute; complete 

 in 30 minutes. 



Effects of Various Reagents. Continued. 



Reaction with Chloral Hydrate-Iodine. Continued. 



L. tricolor var. luteola: Begins in three-fourths in 60 to 

 90 seconds; complete in two-thirds in 20 minutes, 

 and in all in 45 minutes. 



Reaction with Chromic Acid. 



L. pendula: Begins in large grains in 15 seconds; com- 

 plete in most of the large grains in 2}-^ minutes, 

 and in small and large grains in 5 minutes. 



L. tricolor var. luteola: Begins in all within 30 seconds; 

 complete in all in 4 minutes. 



Reaction with Pyrogallic Acid. 



L. pcndula: Begins at once; complete in 40 seconds. 

 L. tricolor var. luteola: Begins at once; complete in 65 

 seconds. 



Reaction with Ferric Chloride. 



L. pendula: Begins in 30 to 60 seconds; complete in 20 



minutes. 

 L. tricolor var. luteola: Begins in a few in a minute: 



nearly three-fourths gelatinized in 5 minutes, and 



all in 17 minutes. 



Reaction with Piirdy's Solution. 



L. pendula: Begins in many at once; complete in one- 

 fifth to one-fourth in 2 hours, the rest partially 

 gelatinized. 



L. tricolor var. luteola: General reaction in 3 minutes; 

 about one-third i)artially gelatinized in 10 minutes. 

 Very little further change in an hour. 



NOTES ON THE STARCHES OF LACHENALIA. 



The two starches of Lachenalia exhibit well-defined differences in their histological characters, 

 especially as regards the hilum and lainellation. In the reactions they arc very much alike except 

 in the temperatures of gelatinization and in the reactions with chloral hydrate-iodine and Purdy's 

 solution. In regard to the former the difference is 13.15, which is very wide. In the reactions 

 L. tricolor var. luteola is distinctly less sensitive to the former and more to the latter. In the other 

 reactions differences are noted except with gentian violet, L. tricolor var. luteola having a lower 

 degree of polarization, lower sensitivity to iodine and pyrogallic acid; and a higher sensitivity to 

 safranin, chromic acid, and ferric chloride. 



NOTES ON THE STARCHES OF LILIACE^E. (Charts 186 to 200.) 



The starches of all of the Liliacea; examined belong to a common type, the gross histological 

 characters of the grains being more or less modified in the different genera, but only in some instances 

 to the extent of making it possible to state that this or that starch belongs to a given genus. The 

 starches of Liliuni and of the other members of the tulip tribe {Lilium, Tulipa, Fritillaria, Calo- 

 chortus, Erythronimn Lloydia and Gagea not included in this research) are very much alike; the 

 starch of Galtonia is less like the starches of Hyacinthus, with which genus it was identified, than 

 with those of the tulip tribe; Chionodoxn and Scilla have certain characteristics in common; and 

 there are certain gross features in Puschkinia, and so on in the other genera which suggest individ- 

 ualities which might be brought out satisfactorily by careful microscopic work. The general like- 

 ness of Hyacinthus and Muscari is very noticeable; and close resemblances are noted between the 

 starches of Brodicea and Lachenalia. In Triteleia the tendency to the occurrence of dome-shaped 

 grains is very conspicuous, and particularizes this genus among the other genera. 



In the reactions it is most interesting to note in the first place that among closely related genera, 

 such as those included in the tulip tribe, there is a common type of reaction-curve; and also to compare 

 this type of curve with that which is common to Scilla and Chionodoxa, and with that of Hyacinthus 

 and Muscari, etc. In other words, it will be found that in each of the groups of closely related genera 

 there is a common type of reaction-curve. It will also be seen upon comparing the various reaction- 

 curves of different genera that each genus has a curve that difl'crentiates it from the other genera. 



