638 



STARCHES OF AMARYLLIDACE^. 



Reaction with pyrogallic acid begins immediately. A few grains are gelatinized in 30 seconds, 

 more than half in 13^ minutes, nearly all in 2}/^ minutes, all but rare resistant grains in 3 minutes, 

 and all in 4 minutes. The reaction is qualitatively the same as in C. fimbriatulum, except that the 

 bubble at the hilum is rarely so large or so persistent as in that species. 



With ferric chloride the grains begin to swell in a minute. About half are gelatinized in 5 min- 

 utes, about five-eighths in 15 minutes, and all but rare resistant grains in 30 minutes, in which the 

 reaction is complete in 60 minutes. The reaction is quahtatively the same as the second method 

 noted for C. fimbriatulum. 



Reaction with Purdy's solution begins in a minute. A few grains are gelatinized in 5 minutes, 

 very sUght progress is noted at 30 minutes, and about one-tenth are gelatinized in 60 minutes. 

 The reaction is qualitatively the same as in C. fimbriatulum. 



Differentiation of Certain Starches of the Genus Crinum. 



Histological Characteristics. 

 Conspicuous Forms. 



C. fimhrialulum: Usually simple, few aggregates and com- 

 pounds, occasional pressure facets, often irregular. 

 Elongated ovoid, often with squared, concave, or 

 diagonal distal end; ovoid, pyriform, ellipsoidal and 

 nearly round. 



C. americanum: Essentially the same as in C. fimhriaiu- 

 lum, but a smaller number of compounds and aggre- 

 gates. 



Hilum Form, Number, and Position. 



C . fimbriatulum: Form clear, round or lenticular spot; 



usually fissm-ed, fissuration crescentic, a cross, or 



dragon-fly shape. Position eccentric about 0.33 to 



0.16 of longitudinal axis. 

 C. americanum: Form the same as in C. fimbriatulum, but 



not usually fissured. Position eccentric about 0.33 



to 0.25 of longitudinal axis. 



Lamella General Characteristics and Number. 



C. fimbriatulum: Fine circular or oval rings about hilum, 

 but follow outline of grain when distal; usually not 

 demonstrable near hilum. Often one or more coarse 

 refractive lamella. 24 to 26. 



C. americantim: Essentially the same as in C. fimbriatu- 

 lum, but can be seen over a larger part of a larger 

 number of grains. 24 to 26. 



Size. 



C. fimbriatulum: From 3 to 58;^, commonly 44 by 28^. 

 C. americanum: From 3 to 44/i, commonly 24 by 14^. 



POLABISCOPIC PrOPEBTIES. 



Figure. 



C. fimbriatulum: Eccentric, distinct; Unes rather thin, usu- 

 ally straight, intersect obliquely, often bent, and 

 sometimes bisected. 



C. americanum: The same as in C. fimbriatulum, but the 

 figure is less irregular. 



Degree of Polarization. 

 C. fimbriatulum: High to very high. 

 C. americanum: High to very high, but somewhat lower, 

 on the whole, than in C. fimbriatulum. 



Polarization with Selenite Quadrants and Colors. 



C. fimbriatuhim: QuadrsintB distinct, fairly clear-cut, un- 

 equal in size, generally irregular in shape. Colors 

 usually not pure. 



C. americanum: Quadrants the same as in C. fimbriatulum, 

 but regular m shape. Colors generally pure. 



Iodine Reactions. 

 Intensity and Color. 



C. fimbriatulum: Deep; blue- violet. 

 C. americanum: Deep, deeper than in C. fimbriatulum; 

 blue-violet. 



Staining Reactions. 



With Gentian Violet. 



C . fimbriatulum: Light. 



C. americanum: Light, deeper than in C. fimbriatulum. 



With Safranin. 



C. fimbriatulum: Fair. 



C. americanum: Fair, slightly deeper than in C. fimbria- 

 tulum. 



Temperature op Gelatinization. 



C. fimbriatulum: 75 to 77 C, mean 76. 

 C. americanum: 76 to 78 C, mean 77. 



Effects op Various Reagents. 

 Reaction with Chloral Hydrate-Iodine. 



C . fimbriatulum: Begins immediately; complete in prac- 

 tically all in 30 minutes. 



C. americanum: Begins immediately; complete in prac- 

 tically all in 12 minutes. 



Reaction with Chromic Add. 



C. fimbriatulum: Begins in a few in 45 seconds; complete 



in practically all in 14 minutes. 

 C. americanum: Begins in a few in 45 seconds; complete 



in all in 10 minutes. 



Reaction with Pyrogallic Acid. 



C. fimbriatulum: Begins in a few in 30 seconds; complete 



in practically all in 5 minutes. 

 C. americanum: Begins in a few immediately; complete 



in practically all in 3 minutes. 



Reaction with Ferric Chloride. 



C. fimbriatulum: Begins in a few in 2 minutes; complete 

 in nine-tenths in 60 minutes. 



C. americanum: Begins in a minute; complete in practi- 

 cally all in 30 minutes. 



Reaction with Purdy's Solution. 



C. fimbriatulum: Begins in a few in a minute; a few are 

 gelatinized in 5 minutes; very httle progress in an 

 hour. 



C. americanum: Begins in a minute; a few are gelatinized 

 in 5 minutes, and about one-tenth in an hour. 



