844 



STARCHES OF NYMPHjEACE^E. 



Reaction with pyrogallic acid begins in 15 seconds and is over in 2J^ minutes. It is the same qual- 

 itatively as that of the grains of N. alba, except that the bubbles formed at the hilum are larger and 

 persist longer, and more starch is reduced to a semifluid condition, causing the capsule to be very thin. 



The reaction with ferric chloride begins in a few grains in 30 seconds and is over in 25 minutes. 

 It is the same qualitatively as that of the grains of N. alba. 



The reaction with Purdy's solution begins in 15 seconds. It is over in half the grains in 3 

 minutes and in three-fourths of the grains in 10 minutes. It is the same qualitatively as that of 

 the grains of A^. alba. 



STARCH OF NYMPHiEA GLADSTONIANA. (Plate 92, figs. 551 and 552. Chart 362.) 



Histological Charactenstics. Inform the grains are simple; no compound forms were observed. 

 There are several small aggregates, usually in the form of doublets consisting of grains of imequal 

 size. There are a few clumps. Pressure facets are sometimes seen. The surface of the grams is 

 usually irregular, owmg chiefly to slight depressions and to secondary sets of lamellae, which are 

 placed at varying angles to the longitudinal axis of the pri- 

 mary set and are more commonly found than in N. alba. 

 The conspicuous forms are irregular ovoid and oval and 

 roimd ; also dome-shaped to sugar-loaf and hemispherical, 

 elliptical, and various indefinite forms. The grains are not 

 flattened in any diameter. They are more irregular than 

 in N. alba and have a stronger resemblance to N. odorata. 



The hilum is a fairly distuict, roxmd, refractive spot 

 which is centric or nearly centric in the round forms, and 

 eccentric about one-third to one-fifth, usually about one- 

 fourth, of the longitudinal axis in other grains. It is 

 located in the broader end of the ovoid forms, as is the 

 case in all the species of Nymphoca studied. The hilum 

 is frequently fissured. There may be 3 fissures in the 

 form of Y; or two slightly diagonal fissures, which may 

 meet at the hilum; or one fissure slightly above another 

 at the hilum, from which they emerge at different planes; 

 or a slightly curved transverse line. 



The lamellm in many grains are indistinct, but if 

 observed they appear rather coarse and may be visible 

 throughout the entire grain. They form complete rings around the hilum, but towards the distal 

 end and lateral margin tend to assume the shape of the margin. There is generally a shifting 

 laterally of the axis of the lamellae which lie near the distal margin, and sometimes a distinct second 

 set appears at varying angles to the longitudinal axis of the first set. The number of lamellae in 

 some of the larger grains is 15. 



The grains vary in size; the smaller are 2 by 2;u; the larger are 39 by 24/i in length and breadth. 

 The common size is 26 by 16ai in length and breadth. 



Polariscopic Properties. The figiwe is centric in some round grains, but usually eccentric. Its 

 lines are distinct and broaden towards the margin, but are usually bent and sometimes bisected. 

 The figure is more irregular and less distinct than in A'^. alba. 



The degree of polarization is fair to high, varying in different grains, in different aspects of the 

 same grain, and in the same aspect of a given grain. It is the same as in the grains of N. alba. 



With selenite the quadrants are usually well defined, irregular in shape, and unequal in size, 

 more irregular than in N. alba. The colors are usually pure. 



Iodine Reactions.- With 0.25 per cent Lugol's solution the grains all color a light blue-violet; 

 with 0.125 per cent solution they color very lightly and the color deepens slowly. The color is 

 much less than that of the grains of N. alba. After heating in water until all the grains are completely 

 gelatinized, the solution colors lightly and the gelatinized grains very deeply on the addition of 

 iodine. After boiling for 2 minutes the solution colors very deeply and the gelatinized grains fairly. 

 The capsules all color a red-violet with an excess of iodine. 



Staining Reactions. With gentian violet the grains begin to stain very lightly at once and in 

 30 minutes are lightly stained. The color is less than that of the grains of A'^. alba. 



Curve of Reaction-Intensities of Starch of Nymphasa 

 gladstoniana. 



