846 



STARCHES OF NYMPHiEACE^, 



Iodine Reactions. With 0.25 per cent Lugol's solution the grains all color a light to fair blue- 

 violet; with 0.125 per cent solution they color lightly and the color deepens slowly. The color is 

 slightly less than that of the grains of A'^. alba. After heating in water until the grains are completely 

 gelatinized, the solution colors lightly and the gelatinized grains very deeply on the addition of 

 iodine. After boiling for 2 minutes the solution colors deeply and the grain-residues fairly. The 

 capsules all color a red-violet with an excess of iodine. 



Staining Reactions. With gentian violet the grains begin to stain lightly at once and in 30 min- 

 utes some are lightly and others are fairly stained. The coloration is deeper than that of N. alba. 



With safranin the grains begin to stain lightly at once and in 30 minutes are fairly stained. 

 The reaction is deeper than that of A'^. alba. 



Temperature Reaction. The temperature of gelatinization is 67 to G8 C, mean 67.5. 



Effects of Various Reagents. With chloral hydrate-iodine reaction begins in 40 seconds. Most 

 grains are gelatinized in 10 minutes and all in 25 minutes. The reaction is the same qualitatively 

 as that of the grains of N. alba. 



The reaction with chromic acid begins in 15 seconds and is over in 2^ minutes. It is the same 

 qualitatively as that of the grains of N. alba. 



The reaction with pyrogallic add begins in 15 seconds and is over in 2J/2 minutes. It is the same 

 qualitatively as that of the grains of N. alba. 



Reaction with ferric chloride begins in some grains in 45 seconds and is over in 20 minutes. It 

 is the same qualitatively as that of the grains of A'', alba. 



Reaction with Purdy's solution begins in most grains in 15 seconds and is over in four-fifths of 

 the grains in 30 minutes. It is the same qualitatively as that of the grains of A'', alba. 



STARCH OF NYMPH^A ODORATA VAR. ROSEA. (Plate 93, figs. 555 and 556. Chart 364.) 



Histological Characteiistics. In form the grains are simple. No compound ones are observed. 

 There are a number of small aggregates m the form of doublets, triplets, and quadruplets. There 

 are some clumps, and a number of grains with pressure facets. The surface of the grains is generally 

 somewhat irregular, owing to the same causes as noted under A'', alba. The conspicuous forms are 

 oval, ovoid, ovoid with pointed end, and roimd; also 

 sugar-loaf-shaped, dome-shaped, elliptical, and various 

 indefinite forms. There is a greater variation in form 

 among the grainis than in A'', alba. Many elongated ovoid 

 grains similar to those in A'', odorata are observed. They 

 are not flattened in any diameter. 



The hilum is a fairly distinct, round, refractive spot, 

 centric in a few of the round forms, eccentric in all other 

 grains. The eccentricity is usually one-fifth to one-third, 

 commonly about one-third, of tlie longitudinal axis. Fis- 

 sures are sometimes observed at the hilum. The fissura- 

 tion may be in the form of a short transverse line; or less 

 commonly two short lines intersect to form a cross; or a 

 diagonal line is transverse to the original or primary set 

 of lamelliE. 



The lamellce are usually indistinct except one that 

 is coarse and located at about one-fourth to one-half of 

 the distance between the hilum and distal margin. In 

 all respects they are essentially the same as in A'^. alba, 

 but less distinct. 



The grains vary in size; the smaller are 6 by 6^; the larger are 34 by 2fi/i in length and breadth, 

 and 30 by 28/i in length and breadth. The common size is 20 by 16^ in length and breadth. 



Polariscopic Properties. The figure is usually more or less eccentric. Its lines are rather thick 

 and broaden towards the margin; they are straight in some grains, but in others are bent and oc- 

 casionally bisected. The lines are the same as in A'^. alba, except that they are less regular. 



The degree of polarization is fair to high; it varies somewhat in different grains, in different 

 aspects of the same grain, and in the same aspect of a given grain. It is the same as in the grains of 

 N. alba, but less than in A'^. odorata. 



Cl PA CA 

 PCPb 



Cur 



Reaction-Intensities of Starch of Nympheea 

 odorata var. rosea. 



