GENUS NTMPHjEA. 



847 



With selenite the quadrants are fairly well defined and usually irregular in shape and unequal 

 in size, more irregular than in jV. nlba. The colors are pure in many grains, while in others the blue 

 is quite pure and the yellow fairly pure. The colors are the same as in the grains of A'', alba except 

 that in some the yellow is not so pure. 



Iodine Reactions. With 0.25 per cent Lugol's solution the grains color a light to fair blue- 

 violet; with 0.125 per cent solution they color very lightly and the color deepens slowly. It is 

 slightly less than that of the grains of N. alba. After heating in water until all the grains are cora- 

 pletel.y gelatinized, the solution colors lightly and the gelatinized grains very deeply on the addition 

 of iodine. After boiling for 2 minutes the solution colors very deejily :>nd the gelatinized grain- 

 residues fairly. The capsules all color a red-violet on the addition of iodine. 



Staining Reactioiis. With gentian violet the grains begin to stain very lightly at once and in 

 30 minutes are lightly stained. The coloration is slightly less than that of the grains of A'^. alba. 



'With safranin the grains begin to stain very lightly at once and in 30 minutes are lightly 

 stained. The coloration is less than that of the grains of A'^. alba. 



Temperature Reaction. The temperature of gelatinization is G6.5 to 07.5 C, mean 67. 



Effects of Various Reagents. With chloral hydrate-iodine reaction begins in 45 seconds and is 

 over in 15 minutes. It is the same qualitatively as that of the grains of A'^. alba. 



Reaction with chromic acid begins in 15 seconds and is over in 1^ minutes. It is the same 

 qualitatively as that of the gi-ains of A'^. alba. 



The reaction with pyrogallic acid begins in 15 seconds and is over in l}4 minutes. It is the 

 same qualitatively as that of the grains of A'', alba, except that more of the starch is fully gelatinized. 



With ferric chloride the reaction begins in a few grains in a minute and is over in 33 minutes. 

 It is the same qualitativelj' as that of the grains of A'^. alba. 



The reaction with Purdy's solution begins in 30 seconds. About two-thirds of the grains are 

 partially gelatinized in 5 minutes, four-fifths are nearly completely gelatinized in 15 minutes, and 

 nearly all are completely gelatinized in 30 minutes. The reaction is the same qualitatively as that 

 of the grains of A^. alba. 



Differentiation of Certain Starches of the Genus Nytnpho'a. 



Histological Characteristics. 

 Conspicuous Forms. 



N. alba: Usually simple, few compound grains, few aggre- 

 gates, some pressure facets, not fiattcned, surface 

 usually more or less irregular, due chiefly to sec- 

 ondary lamellai and depressions. Ovoid, oval, and 

 round. 



A'', marliacea var. albida: Essentially the 6ame as in N. 

 alba, but gi-eater abundance of round forms, and 

 absence of compound grains, and somewhat greater 

 irregularity of surface. 



N. marliacea var. camea: Essentially the same as in N. 

 alba, but greater abundance of round forms, ab- 

 sence of compound grains, and more irregularity of 

 surface. 



N. gladskmiana: Essentially the same as in A'^. alba, but 

 greater abundance of round forms and secondary 

 lamella;, absence of compound grains, and greater 

 irregularity of surface. 



N. odorata: Essent ially the same as in JV. alba, but greater 

 irregularity of surface and larger variety of forms. 



N. odorata \a.r. rosea: Essentially the same as in jV.orforata. 



Hilum Form, Number, and Position. 



N. alba: Form distinct, round or occasionally lenticular, 

 refractive spot; often fissured, occasionally 2 liila. 

 Position usually eccentric from slightly to 0.33, 

 commonly 0.40, of longitudinal axis. 



N. marliacea var. albiila: Form fairly distinct, round, re- 

 fractive spot; fairly often fis.sured, occasionally 2 

 hila. Position usually eccentric from very slightly 

 to 0.33, commonly O.IO, of longitudinal axis. 



N. marliacea var. camea: Form essentially the same as in 

 N. marliacea vur. albida. Posilion usually eccentric 

 about 0.20 to 0.33, commonly 0.40, of longitudinal 

 axis. 



IIlstolggical CnAKACTBniSTios. Continued. 

 Hilum Form, Number, and Position. Continued. 



N. gladstoniana: Form essentially the same as in A'^. mar- 

 liacea var. albida. Position usually eccentric about 

 0.20 to 0.33, commonly 0.25, of longitudinal axis. 



N. odorata: Form essentially the same as in A'^. marliacea 

 var. albida. Position usually eccentric about 0.20 

 to 0.33, commonly about 0.33, of longitudinal axis. 



N. odorata var. rosea: Form essentially the same as in N. 

 marliacea var. albida. Position usually eccentric 

 about 0.20 to 0.33, commonly about 0.33, of longi- 

 tudinal axis. 



Lamellae General Charaderistics and Number. 



N. alha: Frequently not distinct near hilum; complete 

 rings around hilum tend to have the form of the 

 outline of grain when not far from hilum, some- 

 times undulating, coarse. Secondary sets not un- 

 common. 8 to 15 on larger grains. 



N. marliacea var. albida: Essentially the same as in A'. 

 alba, but less distinct. Number not determined. 



N. marliacea var. camea: Essentially the same as in A'^. 

 alba, but less distinct. Number not determined. 



N. gladstoniana: Essentially the same as in A'', alba. 15 on 

 the larger grains. 



A'^. odorata: Essentially the same as in A'^. alba. 17 on the 

 larger grains. 



A'^. odorata var. rosea: Essentially the same as in A'^. aJba, 

 but less distinct. Number not determined. 



Size. 

 N. alba: From 3 to 27/:j, commonly 19/n. 

 N. marliacea var. albida: I''rom G to 30;u, commonly \9n. 

 N . marliacea var. carnea: From 2 to 30^, conunonly 22/i. 

 A'^. yUuUtuniana: From 2 to 39m, commonly 2i>ix. 

 N. odorata: From 4 to 38m, commonly 24m. 

 A^. odorata var. rosea: From 6 to 34m, commonly 20m. 



