GENUS CYCLAMEN. 



881 



Reaction with chromic acid begins immediately and is over in less than 30 seconds. It was so 

 rapid that the details could not he made out, but appeared to be the same as in C. repandum. 



The reaction with pyrogallic acid begins immediately and is over in 2 minutes. It is qualita- 

 tively the same as that of C. repandum. 



The reaction with/erriic chloride begins in 30 seconds and is over in 3 minutes. It is qualitatively 

 the same as that of the grains of C. repandum. 



Reaction with Purdy's solution begins immediately and is over in less than 30 seconds. It is 

 so rapid that it is impossible to determine the exact changes, but apparently is the same as the 

 reaction with pjTogallic acid. 



DiffererUiaiion of Certain Starches of the Genus Cyclamen. 



Histological Characteristics. 

 Conspicuoxis Forms. 



C. repandum: Usually simple, few compound grains and 

 aggregates, a few grains with pressure facets, not 

 flattened, surface sometimes iiTegular on account 

 of nipple-like processes and pressure facets. Ovoid, 

 oval with usually a sharp pointed distal end in 

 which there is a hole or depression, round or nearly 

 round. 



C. coum: Essentially the same as in C. repandum, but 

 the grains are more regular in outline, fewer nipple- 

 hke processes, and greater tendency to ovoid and 

 round types. 



HUum Form, Number, and Position. 



C. repandum: Form distinct, comparatively small, round, 

 single, or multiple, may be elongated with en- 

 largement on one or both sides; fissuration rare. 

 Position eccentric usually from 0.25 to 0.16 of 

 longitudinal axis. 



C. coum: Form not very distinct, small, round, usually 

 single and rarely double; fissuration rare. Position 

 eccentric usually from 0.33 to 0.25 of longitudinal 

 axis. 



Lamella; General Characteristics and Number. 

 C. repandum: Distinct, rather fine, decidedly irregular; 



often two sets, inner set diagonal, transverse, or 



in the same axis as the outer. Usually about 20 



on larger grains. 

 C. coum: Usually distinct, fine, little irregularity; only 



one well-defined set of lamellae. Usually about 20 



on larger grains. 



Size. 

 C. repandum: From 6 to 48^, commonly 28/i. 

 C. coum: From 4 to 36;i, commonly IS^i. 



PoLARiscopic Properties. 

 Figure. 

 C. repandum: Eccentric, very distinct, usually clear-cut, 



lines much bent. 

 C. coum: Same as in C. repandum, but the lines are 

 straight or sUghtly curved. 



Degree of Polarization. 



C. repandum: High. 



C. coum: High, not so high as in C repandum. 



PoLARiscopic Properties. Continued. 

 Polarization with Selenite Quadrants and Colors. 



C. repandum: Quadrants well defined, very irregular in 

 shape and unequal in size. Colors very piu-e. 



C. coum: Quadrants well defined, irregular in shape, and 

 unequal in size, but much less irregular than in 

 C. repandum. Colors pure. 



Iodine Reactions. 



Intensity atid Color. 

 C. repandum: Deep; blue-violet. 



C. coum: Deep, slightly deeper than in C. repandum; 

 blue- violet. 



Staining Re.^ctions. 

 With Gentian Violet. 

 C. repandum: Fairly deep. 

 C. coum: Fairly deep, shghtly more than in C. repandum. 



With Sajranin. 

 C. repandum: Fair. 

 C. coum: Fair, the same as in C. repandum. 



Temperatdrb of Gel.^tinization. 



C. repandum: 55 to 56 C, mean 55.5. 

 C. coum: 56 to 57 C, mean 56.5. 



Effects of Various Reagents. 



Reaction with Chloral Hydrate-Iodine. 



C. repandum: Begins in a minute; complete in 10 minutes. 



C. coum: Begins in 1 J^ minutes; complete in 15 minutes. 



Reaction with Chromic Acid. 

 C. repandum: Begins at once; complete in a minute. 

 C. coum: Begins at once; complete in less than 30 seconds. 



Reaction with Pyrogallic Acid. 

 C. repandum: Begins at once; complete in 2 minutes. 

 C. coum: Begins at once; complete in 2 minutes. 



Reaction with Ferric Chloride. 

 C. repandum: Begins in 30 seconds; complete in 3 minutes. 

 C. eoum: Begins in 30 seconds; complete in 3 minutes. 



Reaction with Purdy's Solution. 

 C. repandum: Begins at once; complete in a minute. 

 C. coum: Begins at once; complete in less than 30 seconds. 



NOTES ON THE STARCHES OF CYCLAMEN. 

 The very marked tendency of the starch of C. repandum to the oval and pointed oval form 

 and to the prevalence of nipple-like processes is quite distinctive; and coupled with these features 

 are differences in the hilum and size that are of importance. The starch of C. cilicum (plate 99, 

 figs. 593 and 594) is distinctly different in gro.'^s histological characteristics from the other two, 

 and can therefore be readily distinguished. The reactions of the starches of C. repandum and C. 

 coum are very closely alike, yet sufficiently different to permit of the differentiation of the two 

 starches. 



