10 



HYDRATES IN AQUEOUS SOLUTION. 



From the work that was done previous to this investigation, and from 

 the data here obtained, it is shown that, with but few exceptions, electrolytes 

 in general give abnormal molecular depressions of the freezing-point in 

 concentrated solutions. Among these exceptions are sodium, potassium, and 

 ammonium nitrates, and potassium dihydrogen phosphate. 



Among the chlorides those of the second group in the periodic system 

 give greater molecular depressions than those of the first group. We also 

 observe that the curve for hydrochloric acid lies considerably above the 

 corresponding curves for lithium, ammonium, sodium, and potassium chlo- 

 rides. The relation between lithium and the members of the second group 



O.I 0.3 0.5 



TTL Z 



Concentration 

 FIG. 6. 



Na 



NH 4 CI 



Lid 



KCI 



V 10 

 Volume 



FIG. 7. 



15 



