LACTOSE. 



109 



TABLE 91. MANNITE. 



LACTOSE. 



Lactose not only shows no hydration, but the corrected molecular lower- 

 ings, L/, table 92, are less than the theoretical value 1.86. This would 

 indicate a certain amount of polymerization in the solutions. On account 

 of the limited solubility of lactose we could not study concentrations greater 

 than half-normal. The molecular lowerings , table 92, found for lactose 

 are plotted in a curve, fig. 60. 



TABLE 92. LACTOSE. 



CANE-SUGAR. 



It has been known for some time that cane-sugar, in concentrated solu- 

 tions, gives molecular lowerings that are considerably greater than the theo- 

 retical value. Arrhenius* established this fact in connection with his early 

 work on the theory of electrolytic dissociation. Jones and Getman decided 

 to make a comparatively thorough study of cane-sugar, using solutions 

 much more concentrated than those employed by Arrhenius. They found 

 that they could work to a concentration of twice normal. The freezing- 

 point lowerings given in table 93 are plotted in fig. 60. Cane-sugar shows 

 very considerable hydration. The curve showing the complexity of the 

 hydrates of cane-sugar is given in fig. 61. 



*Ztschr. phys. Chem., 2, 495 (1888). 



