SPKCTRAI, ENERGY CURVES OF EIGHT EMITTED BY VARIOUS SPECIES. 1 9 



The "densities," i. e., the amount of light absorbed, were than plotted to 

 a scale as indicated in Fig. 7. In this illustration the heavy lines (x x, 

 *- ~ x ) gi ve the effect of the light of Photuris pennsylvanica, of Photinus 



pyralis (- - ) and of the carbon glow-lamp ( , 4", 8", etc.) 



as recorded on the large spectrograph negatives. In the same manner, 

 Fig. 8 shows several density curves of Photuris pennsylvanica ( ), 

 PJwt inns consanguineus ( ), and of the glow-lamp (- 



-), as measured on the negatives obtained with the small spectro- 

 graph. In all cases the Photinus density curves extend farther into the red. 

 Evidently the time of exposure, i. e., effect on the photographic plate, has 

 nothing to do with the question of obtaining an impression in the red. In 

 other words, the lack of "density" in the negative of the red end of the 

 spectrum is owing to a deficiency in red rays, in the light emitted by the 

 Photuris; it is not a lack of intensity of the emitted light 



100% 



<v 



'10 



Q. 



.y so 



Q_ 



-S 



1 60 



<+- 



: 50 

 



Q . 



3 - 30 

 o 



re 



Q- 

 O 



10 



l I 1 1 1 r 



60 



30" 



1 1 1 1 1 1 



Plate 5, 26,'/ 1 * * 



,-^-o-_-jG>^-_-o-_-_-Q-^rr_""- - - 5, 27, 'I I , x 



^^^g^'-th - - - ^V " , 6, 19, 'II o, 6 



,$ 1 > ' / xN w 



8 



' V/ ' ' \\ ^\ ^ 



ft 1 ///* \\ v \ t\ q 



\ \ 



I * ! I I L 



J L 



\ n iA 



I I I ! L 



.50 1 



.55 6 1 9 .go 

 Photuris pennsylvanica j*~ 



Photinus pyralis o 0- 



Glowiamp 



.66 jul 



-- 



-o 



Fig. 7. Spectrum density curves of photographic plates. 



The two heavy continuous lines are for Photuris pennsylvanica. 



This illustration in itself is an ample demonstration that the light of the 

 Photinus pyralis is much richer in red and yellow rays than is the Photuris; 

 for the curves intersect, and all those of the Photinus, whatever the density, 

 lie to the right of those of the Photuris of equal density. But we can go 

 a step farther and eliminate the inequalities of sensitiveness for different 

 wave-lengths, by comparing the densities of the negatives. It is assumed 

 that the density, or the effect of the light upon the photographic plate, is 

 proportional to the time of exposure. This is of course not true for very 

 long exposures, and hence the highest parts of the curves are not used in 

 this work. For convenience the 4 seconds density curve of the glow-lamp 

 was taken as the unit of comparison. Hence the 8 seconds density curve 

 represents 2 units, the 12 seconds density curve represents 3 units, e ! tc. 



