VIII 



CONTENTS. 



Page. 

 General Considerations Continued. 



Microscopes 129 



Photography and Photomicrography 130 



Some Milestones in the Progress of Bacteri- 

 ology 151 



Nomenclature and Classifications 154 



Migula's Classification 159 



Value of Morphological Characters 176 



Value of Cultural Characters 178 



Undergraduate Work 181 



A Final Caution 184 



Page. 



Formulae 187 



Stains : 



General and Miscellaneous 187 



Cleaning Cover-glasses 189 



Flagella-staining 189 



Capsule-stains 194 



Spore-stains 194 



Non-synthetic Culture-media 195 



Synthetic Culture-media 197 



Miscellaneous 200 



Fixing Fluids 202 



BIBLIOGRAPHY, GENERAL LITERATURE. 



I. 

 II. 



III. 

 IV. 



V. 

 VI. 



VII. 



VIII. 



IX. 



X. 



XI. 



XII. 



XIII. 



xrv. 

 xv. 



XVI. 

 XVII. 

 XVIII. 



XIX. 

 XX. 



XXI. 



XXII. 

 XXIII. 



XXIV. 

 XXV. 



XXVI. 



XXVII. 



XXVIII. 



Page. 



Journals 203 



Transactions, Beitrage, Jahresberich- 



ten, Festschriften, etc 204 



Manuals 204 



Physical, Chemical, Zoological, and 

 Botanical Works of special use to 



the Plant Pathologist 206 



Books and Papers of more or less 



general interest 210 



Important Books and Papers on 



special human and animal diseases. 212 

 Predisposition, Conditions Favoring 



Infection or Immunity 214 



Symbiosis, Antagonism 214 



Carriers of Infection 215 



General Morphology of the Bacteria. 215 



Spores 218 



Flagella 219 



Capsules 220 



Stains and Staining Methods 221 



Morphological and Physiological 

 Changes due to Changed Environ- 

 ment 222 



Culture-media 223 



Methods of Work, Apparatus, etc... 226 

 Special means of Differentiating 



Bacteria 229 



Aerobism, Anaerobism 230 



Fermentations, Gas-formation, En- 

 zymes, etc 232 



Ptomaines, Toxins, Antitoxins, Se- 

 rums, Phagocytosis, etc 235 



Attenuation, Virulence 236 



Pigments, Green Bacteria 236 



Reduction and Oxidation 239 



Nitrifying and Denitrifying Organ- 

 isms, Use of Free Nitrogen 239 



Use of Free Carbon Dioxide 241 



Luminous Bacteria 241 



Hydrogen Sulphide and otherwise 

 unclassified By-products 242 



Page. 



XXIX. Action of Light on Bacteria 243 



XXX. Effect of Electricity 244 



XXXI. Action on Bacteria of Roentgen 



Rays, Radium Rays, etc 245 



XXXII. Effect of High Pressure on Bacteria. .. 245 



XXXIII. Action of Heat and Cold on Bacteria. 246 



XXXIV. Thermophilic Bacteria 247 



XXXV. Resistance to Dry Air 248 



XXXVI. Action of Acids and Alkalies 249 



XXXVII. Agglutination and Precipitation 249 



XXXVIII. Antiseptics and Germicides 250 



XXXIX. Chemotropism, Thermotropism, Geo- 



tropism, Contact-Irritation, etc 253 



XL. Osmotic Pressures 254 



XLI. Chemical Analysis of Bacteria 254 



XLII. Distribution of Bacteria Geograph- 

 ical and Altitudinal 254 



XLIII. Soil-Organisms; Putrefactive Or- 

 ganisms 256 



XLIV. Vinegar-bacteria 256 



XLV. Silage-bacteria, Fermentation of To- 

 bacco, of Indigo, Retting of Flax, 

 of Sisal Hemp, etc., Softening of 



Pickles, Sauerkraut, etc 256 



XLVI. Bacteria in Water and Ice ; Dung- 

 bacteria 258 



XLVII. Milk-bacteria; Cheese-bacteria; But- 

 ter-bacteria ; Meat-bacteria 259 



XLVIII. Bacteria in Bread 260 



XLIX. Iron-bacteria 261 



L. Sulphur-bacteria 261 



LI. Bacteria in Prehistoric Times 262 



LI I. Preparation of Slides, Cultures, etc., 



for Museums, etc 262 



LIII. Stock-cultures, how best kept; Vital- 

 ity on Media 263 



LIV. Color-charts; Nomenclature of Col- 

 ors 263 



LV. Photography and Photomicrography. . 263 



LVI. Methods and Systems of Classification 264 



LVII. Useful Catalogues 265 



