SPECIAL HUMAN AND ANIMAL DISEASES. 



213 



('93). BRIEGER, LUDWIG, AND COHN, GEORC. Unter- 

 suchungen iiber das Tetanusgift. Zeitschr. 

 f. Hyg., Bd. xv, pp. i-io, 1893. 



As small a quantity of the tetanus poisou as 0.000,23 

 gram would be a lethal dose for a man weighing 70 kilos. 

 This is au inference based on experiments with mice. 



('93). MOORE, VERANUS A. Observations on the 

 morphology, biology, and pathogenic prop- 

 erties of twenty-eight streptococci found in 

 the investigation of animal diseases. Bu- 

 reau of Animal Industry, U. S. Dept. of 

 Agriculture, Bull. No. 3, 1893, pp. 9-30. 



('93). MOORE, V. A. Pathogenic and toxicogenic 

 bacteria in the upper air passages of do- 

 mesticated animals. Bulletin No. 3, Bureau 

 of Animal Industry, U. S. Dept. Agric., 

 1893, PP- 38-48. 



('93)- PFEIFFER, R. Die Aetiologie der Influenza. 

 Zeitschr. f. Hyg., Bd. xm, 1893, pp. 357-386, 

 8 plates. 



('94). Now, F. G. Ein neuer anaerober Bacillus des 

 malignen Oedems. Zeitschr. f. Hyg., Bd. 

 xvu, 1894, pp. 209-233, 2 'heliotype plates 

 from photomicrographs by Dr. Pfeiffer. 



('94). KITASATO, S. The bacillus of bubonic plague. 

 The Lancet, London, 1894 (n), pp. 428-430. 



('95). SiEBER-ScHOUMOw, MME. N. O. Contribution 

 a 1'etude des poissons venimeux. Sur le 

 Bacillus pisoicidus agilis, microbe pathogene 

 pour les poissons. Arch. d. sci. biol.. Tome 

 in, 1895, St. Petersb., pp. 226-256, I colored 

 plate, 7 figs. 



Author isolated from dying fish and from the waters 

 of the reservoir containing the sick fish, its inflow and 

 outflow pipes, an anaerobic, gas forming (COz), motile, 

 short organism (Bacillus piscicictUH (ttjilis), pathogenic 

 to cold-blooded animals, especially fish aud frogs. Or- 

 ganism coagulates milk and grows readily at 37.5 C. It 

 was killed by a heating (5-10 min.) in river water at 68-70 

 C. , and agar or gelatin cultures yielded the cholera red 

 reaction with hydrochloric acid. The organism is also 

 toxic to white mice, guinea pigs, rabbits, and dogs, but 

 not to pigeons. 



('98). SHIGA, KIYOSHI. Ueber den Erreger der 

 Dysenterie in Japan. Centralb. f. Bakt, I 

 Abt., Bd. xxm, 1898, pp. 599-600. 



('98). SMITH, THEOBALD. A comparative study of 

 bovine tubercle bacilli and of human bacilli 

 from sputum. The Jour, of Exper. Med., 

 vol. in, 1898, pp. 451-511. 



('98). LOEFFLER. Bericht der Commission zur Er- 

 forschung der Maul- und Klauenseuche bei 

 dem Institut fiir Infektionskrankheiten in 

 Berlin. Erstattet an den Cultusminiister 

 von dem Vorsitzenden der Commission, 

 Berlin, Aug. 12, 1898. Deutsche mediz. 

 Wochenschr., 1898, No. 35, pp. 562-564. 

 Also a separate. Reprinted in Centralb. f. 

 Bakt., I Abt., Bd. xxiv, 1898, pp. 569-574. 



Organism passes through a Chamberland filter, and is 

 invisible. 



('98). PETRUSCHKY, J. Ueber Massenausscheidung 

 von Typhusbacillen durch den Urin von 

 Typhus-Rekonvalescenten und die epidem- 

 iologische Bedeutung dieser Thatsache. 

 Centr. f. Bakt. I Abt., Bd. xxm, 1898, pp. 

 577-583. 



('98). NOCARD, ED., ET LECLAINCHE, E. Les mala- 

 dies microbiennes des animaux. 3d ed., 

 1903. Tome i, pp. n, 668; Tome, n, pp. 645. 

 Paris, Masson et Cie. 



''98) . NOCARD ET Roux. Le microbe de la peri- 

 pneumonie. Bulletin de la Soc. Central de 

 Med. Veterinaire. Recueil 'de Med. Veter- 

 inaire Annexe, Paris. Nouvelle sen, T. 16. 

 Mar. 24, 1898, pp. 213-233. See also the 

 Veterinary Journal, L/ondon, vol. XLVII, pp. 

 147-152. 



Authors describe as the cause of pleuro-pneumonia in 

 cattle au organism of very small size, not visible clearly 

 even after staining. The serum from diseased foci is 

 extremely virulent, but it is impossible to cultivate any- 

 thing from this serum by any of the ordinary- methods. 

 Many bacteriologists have tried and failed, including 

 Nocard aud Roux. These authors finally succeeded in 

 cultivating it in bouillon in collodion sacks. The bouil- 

 lon was inoculated with a little of the virulent serum 

 and the sacks were then placed in the peritoneum of 

 rabbits, where they were allowed to remain some weeks 

 subject to osmosis. The organism clouds the bouillon 

 slightly, aud is visible under high magnifications, in 

 bright light, as innumerable, minute, bright, mobile 

 points. This bouillon is capable of reproducing the dis- 

 ease, but is free from bacteria cultivable on ordinary 

 media. Check sacks incubated in the peritoneum gave 

 no such result, neither did sacks inoculated with heated 

 virus. Collodion sack cultures incubated in the perito- 

 neal cavity of animals were first used (?) by Metchnikoff, 

 Roux aud Salimbeui in their study of the toxin and anti- 

 toxin of cholera. 



The authors finally succeeded in cultivating this or- 

 ganism outside of the animal body, by using a special 

 bouillon and a special agar (see Les maladies micro- 

 hienues des animaux, 1903, T. I., p. 450). " Virulent albu- 

 minous liquids, pulmonary serum not diluted, or the 

 Martin serum bouillon filtered through Chamberland or 

 Berkefeld bougies, gives a sterile filtrate. On the con- 

 trary, after dilution of the same liquids in a non-albu- 

 minous medium, the microbe passes through the Berke- 

 feld and the Chamberlaud bougie. Under these condi- 

 tions the filtration enables one to obtain without diffi- 

 culty a characteristic pure culture, even from impure 

 products." 



('98). NOCARD ET Roux. Le microbe de la peri- 

 pneumorae. Ann. de 1'Inst. Pasteur, 1898, 

 T. xn, pp. 240-262. 



('99). GELPKE, THEODOR. Bacterium septatum und 

 dessen Beziehungen zur Gruppe der Diph- 

 therienbacterien (B. diphtheriae [Klebs-L6f- 

 fler], B. pseudodiphtheriticum [Loffler] und 

 B. xerosis). Arb. a. d. Bact. Institut der 

 techn. Hochschule zu Karlsruhe, n Bd., 2 

 Hefte, 1899, pp. 71-148. 5 plates (40 pho- 

 tomicrographs) and 4 charts. Bibliog. of 

 45 titles. 



('oo). WELCH, WILLIAM H. Morbid conditions 



caused by the Bacillus aerogenes capsulatus. 



Pluila. Med. Journ., vol. vi, 1900, pp. 202-216. 

 ('oo). FLEXNER, SIMON. On the etiology of tropical 



dysentery. Phila. Med. Journ., vol. VI, 1900, 



pp. 414-424. 



The author calls special attention to Shiga's results. 

 Flexner studied this disease in the Philippines. He says - 

 " That the bacillus is identical with the organism ob- 

 tained by Shiga in the epidemic of dysentery which pre- 

 vailed in Japan, there can be no reasonable doubt. Jn 

 morphological, cultural, and pathogenic characteristics 

 the two organisms are indistinguishable." 



('oo). GORHAM, F. P. The gas-bubble disease of 

 fish and its cause. U. S. Fish Commission, 

 Bull, for 1899, PP. 33-37, 1900, Washington. 



('oo). SMITH, R. GREIG. A new bacillus pathogenic 

 to fish. Proceedings, Linnean Soc., New 

 South Wales for 1900. Sydney, 1901, vol. 

 XXV, pp. 122-130. Two heliotype plates. 



This Is named Bacillus piscidus bipolaris, in allusion 

 to the bipolar germination of its spores. The organism 

 is motile, and liquefies gelatin. 



