SPORES ; FLAGELLA. 



219 



("96). SCHREIBER, OSWALD. Ucber die physiologis- 

 chen Bedingungen der endqgenen Sporen- 

 bildung bei Bacillus anthracis, subtilis, und 

 tumescens. Centralb. f. Bakt., XX Bd., 1896, 

 353-374 and 429-437. 

 Forty-five papers cited at close of this article. 



('96). BUCHNER, H. Ueber die physiologischen Be- 

 dingungen der Sporenbildung beim Milz- 

 brandbacillus. Centralb. f. Bakt., xx Bd., 

 1896, pp. 806-807. 



('98). CATTERINA, G. Ricerche sull'intima struttura 

 delle spore dei batteri. Separate from Atti 

 d. Soc. veneto-trentina, vol. in, Fasc. 2, Pa- 

 dova, 1898, 10 pages, with I plate. Rev. in 

 Centralb. f. Bakt., xxvi Bd., 1899, pp. 35-36. 

 Some evidence in favor of existence of a nucleus. 



('98). MIGULA, W. Der Keimgehalt und die Wider- 

 standsfahigkeit der Bakterien der animalen 

 Lymphe. Arb. a. d. Bact. Institut der tech. 

 Hochschule zu Karlsruhe, n Bd., I Heft, 



1898, pp. 65-72. 



('98). ACJESZKY, ALADAR. Eine einfache Sporen- 

 fdrbungsmethode. Centralb. f. Bakt., xxni 

 Bd., 1898, pp. 329-33L 



The unfixed covers are placed in a boiling hot 3-3 per 

 cent solution of HC1 for 3 to 4 minutes, then washed in 

 water, dried, fixed, and stained with hot carbol fuchsin 

 (three times over flame). Covers are then cooled, bleached 

 in 4 to 5 per cent sulphuric acid, and couuterstaiued I to 

 2 minutes in malachit green or methylene blue. 



('99). STEPHANIDIS, PHILOPIMIN. Ueber den Einfluss 

 des Nahrstoffgehaltes von Nahrboden auf 

 die Raschheit der Sporenbildung und die 

 Zalil und Resistenz der gebildeten Sporen. 

 Arch. f. Hyg., Bd. xxxv, 1899, pp. l-io. 

 Review in Centralb. f. Bakt., xxvi Bd., 1899, 

 p. 568. 



lu a poor substratum anthrax spores were formed more 

 rapidly but in less numbers than in a rich medium. To- 

 ward heat the spores from the rich and poor media be- 

 haved alike. 



('99). KLEIN, ALEX. Eine einfache Methode zur 

 Sporen farlbung. Centralb. f. Bakt., xxv Bd., 



1899, PP- 376-3/9- 



Klein's modification consists in staining the spores be- 

 fore they have dried. In a watch glass he makes a spore 

 emulsion in phys. salt solution. To this is added an 

 equal volume of filtered carbol fuchsin. This is then 

 gently heated over the open flame for six minutes, i.e , 

 until "steam rises. Covers are now prepared and the bac- 

 terial layer fixed by passing twice through the flame. 

 The covers are then passed through i percent H2SO4 for 

 I to 2 seconds, washed in water and counterstained 3 to 4 

 miuutes in alcoholic methylene blue solution diluted 

 with water. 



('99). DANNAPPEL. See xxxm. 

 Coo). SMITH, R. GREIG. The double staining of 

 spores and bacilli. Proceedings of .the I.in- 

 nean 3 "f Xc\v South Walo-^, 1900, 



Part 3, June 27, pp. 394-397- Also a separate 

 (issuiM Nov. 22, 1900). 



('02). SCHAUDINN, FRITZ. Beitrage zur Kenntnis 

 der Bakterien und verwandter Organismen. 

 i. Bacillus butchlii. Arch. f. Protistenkunde. 

 Bd. i, 1902, pp. 306-343, I plate. Bibliography 

 of 24 titles. 



This very large, slow-moving organism was isolated 

 from the intestinal tract of a cockroach, Periplaneta 

 orientalis- 



The author states that this organism, like Kern's Di- 

 spora caucasica, is constantly disporous. B. buetchlii was 

 selected for study of its inner structure, on account of its 

 large size. The membrane did not give the cellulose re- 

 action. 



Seventy-three figures are given, illustrating iuner 

 structure, stages in the formation of the spores lone in 

 each pole of the rod I, polar germination of the spores, etc. 

 The organism is 24 to So /j. long by 3 to 6 M. broad, mostly 

 50 to 60 n x 4 to 5 n. The bacillus is flagellate, after the 

 manner of B. subtilis. 



('76). 



('77). 

 ('78). 



XII. Flagella. 



('38). EHRENBERG. See v. 

 ('72). COHN. See v. 



('75). DALLINGER, W. H., AND DRYSDALE, J. J. On 

 (the existence of flagella in Bacterium termo. 

 The Monthly Microscopical Journal, Sept. 

 i, 1875. pp. 105-108. 



WARMING, EUG. Om nogle ved Danmarks 

 Kyter levende Bakterier. Kjobenhavn, 

 1876. 



KOCH. See i.v. 



DALLINGER, W. H. On die measurement of 

 the diameter of die flagella of Bacterium 

 termo : a contribution to the question of the 

 "Ultimate limit of vision" with our present 

 lenses. Journ. Roy. Micros. Soc., vol. I, 

 1878. pp. 169-175. 2 plates. 



From the mean value of 200 measurements (50 with 

 each of 4 high-power objectives) Dallinger concludes that 

 the diameter of the unstained flagellum of B. termo, in 

 round numbers, is one-two hundred and four thousandth 

 (1-204000) of an inch. This is equal to about one-eighth 

 micron. 



('79). VAN TIEGHEM, PHILIPPE EDOUARD LEON. Sur 

 les pretendus cils des bacteries. Bull, de la 

 Societe Botanique de France, 1879, T. xxvi. 

 PP- 37-45- 



Van Tieghem maintained that the flagella were moved 

 from within the body of the bacterium, they themselves 

 being inert gelatinous organs, and not vibratile cilia 



('89). LOEFFLER, F. Eine neue Methode zum Farben 

 der Mikroorganismen, im besonderen ihrer 

 Wimperhaare und Geisseln. Centralb. f. 

 Bakt., vi Bd., 1889, No. 8-9, pp. 209-224, mit 

 8 Photogrammen. 



('89). TRF.XKMANN. Die Farbung der Geisseln von 

 Spirillen und Bacillen. Centralb. f. Bakt., 

 vi Bd., Oct. 15. 1889. No. 16-17, pp. 433-436. 



i 90) MESSEA. See LVI. 



('90). LOEFFLER, F. Weitere Untersuchungen iiber 

 dir Bc-ixung und Farbung der Geisseln bei 

 den Bakterien. Centralb. f. Bakt., Bd. vu, 

 1890, pp. 625-639. 



('90). TRENKMANN. Die Faribung der Geisseln von 

 Spirillen und Bacillen. n. Mitth. Centralb. 

 f. Bakt.. 1890. Bd. vni, No. 13, PP- 385-389. 



Covers on which the bacterial film is dried without heat 

 are put for 6 to 12 hours in water containing 2 per cent 

 tannin and 0.5 to 0.25 of one per cent hydrochloric acid. 

 They are subsequently washed for one hour in iodine 

 water, and then stained % hour in weak gentian violet 

 anilin water, made as follows : Into a test tube holding 

 25 cc. put a few drops of concentrated alcoholic solution 

 of gentian violet and add lo cc. of distilled water. Then 

 pour out about one-half of this and fill up with anilin 

 water. The clear stain is said to color the flagella well on 

 a feebly-stained background. 



i 'MI i. lIi'MFHREY, J. E. Notes on Technique, n. 



I', it. Gazette, 1891, pp. 71-73. 



Cilia of zoospores of algce and fungi are stained very 

 readilyand sharply ''in a drop of moderately strong solu- 

 tion (in qo per cent alcohol t of Hanstein's rosanilliu- 

 violet, composed of equal parts of fuchsin and methyl 

 violet," after first fixing them in a couple of drops of i 

 per cent osmic acid solution. 



