226 



BACTERIA IN RELATION TO PLANT DISEASES. 



('04). HESSE, GUSTAV. Beitrage zur Herstelhmg von 

 Nahrboden imd zur Bakterienziichitung. 

 Ztschr. f. Hyg., 1904, Bd. XLVI, pp. 1-22. 

 Discusses effect of adding various acids aud alkalies, 

 effect of heat on reaction, use of insoluble glass, etc. 



Most of the methods advised are already in use in many 

 laboratories in the United States. 



XVII. Methods or Work, Apparatus, Etc. 



('73)- KLEBS, E. Beitraege zur Keuntniss der Micro- 

 coccen. Arch. f. exp. Path. u. Pharmakol., 

 1873, Bd. i, pp. 31-64, with 4 plates. 



Klebs here outlines his fractional method of culture. 

 See especially pp. 46-47. 



('77). KOCH. See LV. 



('78). LISTER, JOSEPH. On the lactic fermentation 



and its bearings on pathology. Trans. Path. 



Soc. of London, 1878, vol. xxix, pp. 425-467. 



Lister's dilution method for obtaining pure cultures is 



here described. See especially page 445 et seq. 



('Si). KOCH, ROBERT. Zur Untersuchung von patli- 

 ogenen Organismen. Mittheil. a. d. kaiser- 

 lichen Gesundheitsamte, Bd. I, 1881. Ber- 

 lin, pp. 1-48. 14 plates. 



In this paper Koch outlined his now universally used 

 method of obtaining pure cultures (colonies) on solid 

 media, viz : by use of gelatine for streaks and poured 

 plates. See pp. 24 and following, especially page 27. In 

 1881, orearlier, Buchner diluted his anthrax fluid until it 

 was assumed that the quantity used to inoculate each 

 flask contained only one organism (p. 19). 



('83). KOCH, ROBERT. Ueber die Milzbrandimpfung, 

 eine Entgegnung auf den von Pasteur in 

 Genf gehaltenen Vortrag. Kassel und Ber- 

 lin, Theodor Fischer, 1882. The same in 

 French. Theo. Fischer, 1883. 



The celebrated Koch " rules of procedure " are given in 

 this paper. 



i'X4>. HOFFMANN, F. W. Einfachcr Einbettungs- 

 apparat. Zoologisoher Anzeiger, vn Jahrg., 

 1884, No. 157-184, Leipzig, pp. 230-232, I fig. 



Makes use of a vacuum to hasten the infiltration of 

 paraffin. 



('84). ERRERA. Sur 1'emploi de 1'encre de Chine en 

 Microscopic. Bull. Soc. Beige d. Microscop., 

 1884. 



Not seen. The ink is used to form a contrasting back- 

 ground, 



('86). VON ESMARCH, EfiwiN. Ueber eine Modifika- 

 ition des Koch'schen Plattenverfahrens zur 

 Isolierung und zum quantitative!! Nachweis 

 von Mikroorganismen. Zeiitsch. f. Hygiene, 

 1886, Bd. I, pp. 293-301, 3 figs. 

 The method of roll cultures is here described. 



('87). PETRT, R. J. Eine kleine Modification des 

 Koch'schen Plattenverfahrens. Centralb. f. 

 Bakt., i Bd., 1887, No. 9, pp. 279-280. 



Description of the now everywhere common I'etri- 

 dishes. 



I'S;). ESMARCH. See xxxni. 



('89), I'.EYEKINCK, M. W. L'auxanographie on la 



mstjhode de I'hydrodiffusion dans la gelatine 



appliquee aux recherches microbiologiques. 



Arch, neerlandaises de sci. ex. et nat., 1889, 



T. xxin, pp. 367-372. 

 ''/MI KUEISLER. I'liirr-iu-hungen iiber die Brauch- 



liarki-it iK-r "Filtres san-- prcsMun, Systeme 



Chamberland-Pasteur." Zeitschr. f. Hyg., 



r.'i. VIM, iX'io, pp. 48-54. 



('91). NUTTAIX, GEORGE H. F. A method for the 

 estimation of the actual number of Tubercle 

 bacilli in tuberculous sputum. With a note 

 on the general application of the method to 

 bacteriology. Bull, of the Johns Hopkins 

 Hospital, vol. II, 1891, pp. 67-76. 

 By use of this method flasks or tubes of media can be 

 inoculated, it is said, with predetermined exact num- 

 bers of bacteria. 



('91). BUJWID, O. Eine einfaohe Filtervorrichtung 

 zum Filtriren sterilisirter Fliissigkeit. Cen- 

 tralb. f. Bakt., ix Bd., 1891, pp. 4-5, mit i 

 Abbildung. 



('91). GABRITSCHEWSKY, G. Zur Technik der foak- 

 teriologischen Untersuchungen, I. Graduirte 

 Kapillarpipetten zum Abmessen sehr kleiner 

 Fliissigkeitsmengen. Centralb. f. Bakt., x 

 Bd., 1891, pp. 248-250, mit 2 figs. 



('91). NORDTMEYER, H. Ueber Wasserfiltration durch 

 Filter aus gebranniter Infusorienerde. 

 Zeitsoh. f. Hygiene, 1891, Bd. x, pp. 145- 

 154, I fig. 



('91). SMITH, THEOBALD. Kleine bakteriologische 

 Mittheilungen. Centralb. f. Bakt., x Bd., 

 1891, pp. 177-186, mit 2 figs. 



First two notes relate to apparatus; the second, to his 

 inside-out method of filtering through Chamberland 

 bougies (figured). 



('91). KNAUER, FRIEDRICH. Eine bewahrte Methode 

 zur Reinigung gebrauchter Objekttrager 

 und Deckglasdien. Centralb. f. Bakt., Bd. 

 x, 1891, pp. 8-9. 



Even old stuck-together slides are said to be cleaned 

 perfectly by boiling 30 minutes in 10 per cent lysol, with 

 occasional stirring. They should then be flooded with 

 tap water, and finally wiped with a soft, clean, oil-free 

 cloth. " In recent preparations, 14 days old, I obtained 

 even by 15 minutes boiling in 5 per cent lysol solution a 

 perfect cleaning of the glass." 



('91). ALTMANN, P. Thermoregulator neuer Kon- 

 struktion. Centralb. f. Bakt., ix Bd., 1891, 

 pp. 791-792. 



('91). BEYERINCK, M. W. Die Kapillarhebermikro- 

 skopirtropfenfiasche. Centralb. f. Bakt., ix 

 Bd., 1891, pp. 589-590, mit i Abbildung. 

 An easily constructed useful water flask, furnishing 

 drops of any size (see fig. 16) or a fine stream. 



('92). HASWELL, WM. A. On a simple method of 

 substituting strong .alcohol for a watery 

 solution in the preparation of specimens. 

 Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. W., vol. VI, for 1891, 

 pp. 433-436, i fig. Sydney, 1892. 



This method was worked out 10 years later, indepen- 

 dently, in my laboratory, by Deane B. Swingle, who had 

 his paper and drawings ready for publication when this 

 earlier paperwas discovered. Swingle's device, which is 

 a considerable improvement on Haswell's, is showu in 

 Fig. 146. By means of the expanded base of the inner 

 tube a quite equable diffusion of the alcohol is secured. 



('92). GILTAY, E., u. ABERSON, J. H. Methode zur 

 Prnfung von Filtereinrichtungen wie die 

 Chamberland-Bougies. Cenitralb. f. Bakt., 

 iScu, Bd. XII, pp. 92-95, I fig- 



('92). v. FREUDENREICH, ED. Ueber die Durchlas- 

 sigkeit der Chamherland'schen Filter fiir 

 Bakterien. Centralb. f. Bakt., xn Bd., 1892, 

 pp. 240-247. 



The author's experiments lead to the conclusion that 

 the Chamberland filter cannot be used safely more than a 

 week for the continuous filtration of water. It must 

 then be sterilized. 



