AEROBISM, ANAEROBISM. 



231 



('87). Roux, E. Sur la culture des microbes 

 anaerobies. Ann. de 1'Inst. Pasteur, Bd. I, 

 1887, pp. 49-62. 



I'SS). BUCHNER, HANS. Eine neue Methode zur 



Kultur anaerober Mikroorganismen. Cen- 



tralb. f. Bakt, 1888, IV Bd., pp. 149-151. 



The pyrogallic acid method. If i gram pyrogallol and 



10 cc. lo per cent potash water are used for each 100 cc. air 



space, all oxygen is removed in 24 hours at 37C. The 



use of this mixture liberates small quantities of carbonic 



oxide, which is less in quantity in proportion as the 



absorption of the oxygen is rapid". Buchner observed no 



injurious influence of this gas on the bacteria with which 



he experimented. 



('88). FRAENKEL, CARL. Ueber die Kultur anaerober 

 Mikroorganismen. Centralb. f. Bakt., 1888, 

 1 1 1 Bd., pp. 735-740 and 763-768. I fig. 

 ('89). FRAENKEL. See XXXVIH. 



('89). FRANKLAND, PERCY. On the influence of car- 

 bonic anhydride or other gases on the de- 

 velopment of microorganisms. Proc. Roy. 

 Soc., vol. XLV, 1889, pp. 292-301. See also 

 Zeitsch. f. Hygiene, Bd. vi, 1889, pp. 13-22. 

 The other gases tested were hydrogen, carbonic oxide, 

 and nitrous oxide. Hydrogen had the least deleterious 

 effect on the organisms tested, which were B. pyocy- 

 aueus, Koch's comma bacillus, and Finkler's spirillum. 



('90). SMITH. See xx. 



('90). POPOFF. See XLVIII. 



('92). OGATA, M. Einfache Bakterienkultur mil 

 verschiedenen Gasen. Centralb. f. Bakt., 

 XI Bd., 1892, pp. 621-623, mit I fig. 

 Ogata's method, which is essentially that previously 

 described by Heim, consists in softening the upper part of 

 a test tube in the flame and drawing it out so that the 

 t ube consists of two normal portions connected by a nar- 

 row isthmus. This part should be just below the cotton 

 plug, that is, in the upper one-third of the tube. A piece 

 of glass tubing is now plugged at one end with sterile 

 cotton, and is drawn out into a capillary tube, which 

 must be long enough to reach down into the bottom of 

 the culture medium. The broken end of this tube is now 

 touched to the desired culture and passed into the test 

 tube. The cotton-plugged end of the glass tube is now 

 attached to a rubber tube connected with the gas appa- 

 ratus. After the gas has bubbled through the medium 

 for a sufficieut time, the capillary tube is removed, and 

 the test tube is immediately sealed in the open flame by a 

 further constriction of the isthmus and a complete 

 removal of the upper part of the test tube. 



Fluid cultures may also be made in such tubes by pre- 

 paring the isthmus before the tubes are filled with the 

 medium. 



I'MJ). HEIM, L. Zur Onginalmit.theilung von 

 Ogata: "Einfache Bakterienkultur mit 

 verschiedenen Gasen." Bd. xi, p. 621. Ccn- 

 'tralb. f. Bakt., xi, 1892, p. 800. 



('92). VAN SENDS, A. H. C. Zur Kenntniss der 



Kultur anaerober Bakterien. Centralb. f. 



Bakt., xn Bd., 1892, pp. 144-145- 



i > Now, F. G. Die Kultur anaerober Bakterien. 



Centralb. f. Bakt., Bd. xiv, 1893, pp. 581- 



6oO, 2 figS. 



The " Novy jars " are here figured and described, and 

 49 references to literature are given at the end of the 

 article. 



<'i>3). BKYERINCK, M. W. Ueber Atmungsfiguren 

 benveglicher Bakterien. Centralb. f. Bakt., 

 Bd. xiv, 1893. pp. 827-845, mit i Tafel. 



('93). SMITH. See xx. 



('94). NICOLAIER. Bemerktmg zu der Arbeit von 

 Prof. F. G. Novy: "Die Kultur anaerober 

 Bakterien" (Centralb. f. Bakt., Bd. xiv, 

 i*' i.O- Centralb. f. Bakt., Bd. XV, 1894, p. 

 227. 



('94). SMITH, THEOBALD. Further observations on 

 the fermentation tube, with special reference 

 to anaerobiosis, reduction, and gas produc- 

 tion (abstract). Proc. Am. Ass. A. Sci., 

 42, Madison Meeting, 1893, Salem, 1894, 

 p. 261. 



('94). ENGELMANN, TH. W. Die Erscheinungsweise 

 der Sauerstoffaussoheidung chromophyllhal- 

 tiger Zellen im Licht bei Anwendung der 

 Bacterienmethode. Verhand. d. Kon. Akad. 

 van Wetenschappen te Amsterdam (2 te 

 sectie, deel in; No. 11, 1894), pp. 10, iv, 

 with a folded plate, also a reprint, 17 pp. 

 Gives a bibliography of 61 titles. See also 

 Onderzoekingen Physiol. Laborat. Utrecht, 

 iv Reeks, in deel., 1895. 



('94). LUBINSKI, WSEWOLOD. Zur Methodik der 

 Kultur anaerober Bakterien. Centralb. f. 

 Bakt., Bd. xyi, 1894, pp. 20-25, mit 4 figs. 



('94). NOVY, F. G. Die Plattenkultur anaerober 

 Bakterien. Centralb. f. Bakt., Bd. xvi, 1894, 

 PP- 566-571. with 3 figs. 



('94). ARENS. Bine Methode zur Plattenkultur der 

 Anaeroben. Centralb. f. Bakt., Bd. xv, 1894, 

 pp. 15-17. 



The author makes his cultures in ordinary exsiccators 

 having ground glass covers. 



('95). SCHMIDT, AD. Eine einfache M_ethode zur 

 Ziichtung anaerober Kulturen in flussigen 

 Nahrboden. Centralb. f. Bakt., xvii Bd., 

 1895, pp. 460-461, i fig. 



('95). BRAATZ, EGBERT. Einiges tiber die Anaero- 

 biose. Centralb. f. Bakt., xvii Bd., 1895, pp. 

 737-742, with I fig. 



('95). KEDROWSKI, W. Ueber die Bedingungen, 

 miter welohen anaerobe Bakterien auch ln-i 

 Geqi/nwart von Sauerstoff existiren konnen. 

 Zeitsohr. f. Hyg., Bd. xx, 1895, pp. 358-375- 



They do this best when mixed with aerobes, but the 

 absorption of the oxygen is not so important as Pas- 

 teur supposed. The author believes that the aerobes ex- 

 crete some special substance favorable to the growth of 

 the anaerobes. This substance he did not determine. 



('95). GERSTNER, R. Beitrage zur Kentniss_ obligat- 

 anaerober Bakterienarten. Arbeiten aus 

 dem Bakteriologisohen Institut der Tech- 

 niscben Hochschule zu Carlsruhe, Bd. I, 

 1895. H. 2, pp. 148-183, with 2 Taf. 



('96). KASPAKEK, THEODOR. Ein einfacher Luftab- 

 schluss fliissiger Nahrboden beim Kulti- 

 vieren anaerober Bakterien. Centralb. f. 

 Bakt., xx Bd., 1896, pp. 536-537, 2 figs. 



('96). DURHAM, HERBERT E. On a self-acting means 

 of cultivating anaerobic microbes. Jour. 

 Path, and Baot., vol. Ill, 1896, pp. 231-236. 



I'M;). BECK, M. Zur Ziichtung anaerober Kulturen. 

 Centralb. f. Bakt., xxn Bd., 1897, pp. 343- 

 345, with 2 figs. 



('98). SCHOLTZ, W. Ueber das Wachvtum anaerober 

 Bakterien bei ungehindertem Luftzutritt. 

 Zeitschr. f. Hyg., Bd. xxvii. 1898, pp. 132- 

 142. Review in Centralb. f. Bakt., xxrv Bd., 

 1898, p. 932. 



('98). FERRAN. J. Ueber das aerobische Verhalten 

 des Tetamisbacillus. Centralb. f. Bakt., 

 xxiv Bd., 1898. pp. 28-29. 



Thinks his experiments show tetanus bacillus is not a 

 strict anaerobe, but only a facultative anaerobe. 



