244 



BACTERIA IN RELATION TO PLANT DISEASES. 



('92). CHMELEWSKY. Zur Frage fiber die Wirkung 



des Sonnen- und elektrischen Lichtes auf 



die Eiterbakterien. Wratsdi, 1892, No. 20. 



Reviewed in Centralb. f. Bakt., Bd. xn, pp. 



174-175, 1892. 

 ('92). GEISLER, THEODOR. Zur Frage fiber die Wir- 



kung des Lichtes auf Bakterien. Centralb. 



f. Bakt., xi Bd., 1892, pp. 161-173. 

 ('92). BUCHNER, H. Ueber den Einfluss des Lichtes 



auf Bakterien. Centralb. f. Bakt., xi Bd., 



1892, pp. 781-783. 



Deals with question of effect of light cm bacteria sus- 

 pended in water. " The result of all these experiments 

 points to the conclusion that light exerts a powerful dis- 

 infecting influence upon the named bacterial sorts when 

 these are suspended in water." The experiments were 

 made on typhoid bacilli, B. coli cominunis, B. pyocyan- 

 eus, cholera vibrios, and various bacteria of decay. 



('92). BUCHNER, H. Ueber den Einfluss des Lichtes 

 auf Bakterien. iiMitth. Centralb. f. Bakt., 

 Bd. xii, 1892, Heft 7-8, pp. 217-219, i fig. 



Author obtained bacterial letters and figures on agar 

 and gelatin plates by covering a part and exposing to 

 sunshine. Light passed through water still possesses 

 active bactericidal powers. 



('93). BUCHNER, H. Ueber den Einfluss des Lichtes 

 auf Bakterien und fiber die Selbstreinigung 

 der Flfisse. Arch. f. Hyg., Bd. xvn, 1893, 

 pp. 179-204. 



('93). RICHARDSON, ARTHUR. The action of light in 

 preventing putrefactive decomposition; and 

 in the formation of hydrogen peroxide in 

 organic liquids. Jour. Ghem. Soc., Trans- 

 actions, London, 1893, vol. LXIII, pp. 1,109- 

 1,130. 



('94). D'ARCY, R. P., AND HARDY, W. B. Note on 

 the oxidizing powers of different regions of 

 the spectrum in relation to the bactericidal 

 action of light and air. Jour, of Physio!., 

 i894-'95, vol. xvn, pp. 39O-393. 



('.14). WARD, H. MARSHALL. The Action of light on 

 bacteria. Phil. Trans. Royal Soc., Lond., 

 vol. 185 (1894), pp. 961-986. Also a sepa- 

 rate. 410., 25 pp., i plate. See also Revue 

 Sci., 1894. 



('i)il. FISCHER, BERNHARD. Die Bakterien des 

 Meeres naoh den Untersuchungen der Plank- 

 tonexpedition unter gleichzeitiger Beriick- 

 sichtigung einiger alterer und neuerer Un- 

 tersuchungen. Centralb. f. Bakt., Bd. xv. 

 1894. pp. 657-666. 



Shows that sunlight tends to reduce number of bacteria 

 in upper layers of the sea. There are always more bac- 

 teria iu upper layers of the sea at suurise than in the 

 afternoon. There are also in the daytime a great many 

 more at a depth of 10 meters than near the surface. The 

 depth to which the bactericidal action of the sunlight 

 penetrates depends on its intensity, duration of action, 

 clearness of the water, etc. It probably reaches down 

 several meters. Cultures of various water bacteria were 

 killed in a short time when exposed to the midday sun in 

 August, the sun's rays being first passed through one-half 

 meter of sea watt-i . 



i '114). DIKUDONNE, A. Beitrage zur Beurteilung der 

 Eimvirkung des Lichtes auf Bakterien. 

 Arbeiten a. d. Kaiserl. Gesundheitsamte, Bd. 

 ix, 1894. Heft 2, pp. 405-413. Rev. in Cen- 

 tralb. f. Bakt., xvn P.fl.. 1805. pp. 646-647. 

 The red end of the spectrum (between the lines D and 

 El has no injurious effect. In the green (between lines 

 K and F) there is a distinct inhibiting action. In the 

 lihi< violet and ultra-violet the bactericidal action is most 

 marked. The action of the light is directly on the bac- 

 teria. Bacteria inoculated in plates already exposed tc 

 the light grew just as well as in the control plates. Light, 

 which has had the heat rays removed by filtration 

 through alum solution, possesses the same germicidal 

 action. 



('94). DIEUDONNE, A. Ueber die Bedeutung des 

 Wasserstoffsuperoxyds fur die bakterien- 

 todtende Kraft des Lichtes. Arbeiten aus 

 dem kais. Gesundheits-Arnt., Bd. ix, 1894, 

 PP. 537-540. 



Ascribes bactericidal effect of light in great part to the 

 formation of hydrogen peroxide in the culture-medium. 



('94). ENGELMANN. See xix. 



('94). D'ARSONVAL AND CHARRIN. See xxxni. 



('96). BECK, M., u. SCHULTZ, P. Ueber die Ein- 

 wirkung sogen. monochromatischen Lichtes 

 auf die Bacterienentwicklung. Zeitschr. f. 

 Hyg., Bd. xxin, 1896, pp. 490-496. 



('99). KEDZIOR, LAURENZ. Ueber den Einfluss des 

 Sonnenliohtes aiif Bakterien. Arch. f. Hyg., 

 Bd. xxxvi, 1899. pp. 323-334. Rev. in Cen- 

 tralb. f. Bakt.. Bd. xxvn, 1900, pp. 203 and 



759- 



Sunlight also destroys in an atmosphere of hydrogen, 

 although less actively. 



('oi). SIMONCINI, G. B., E VIOLA, D. L'influenze 

 dell'innaffiamento sul contcnutp batterico 

 delle polveri di strada. Ann. d'igicne sper, 

 Roma, vol. \i, IQOI, pp. 373-392. 

 Bibliog. of 21 titles. The bactericidal action of light 

 was greater on the moistened dust of the street than on 

 the dry dust. 



XXX. Effect of Electricity. 



('91). SPILKER, W., UND GOTTSTEIN, A. Ueber die 

 Vernichtung von Mikroorganismen durch 

 die Induktionselektricitat. Centralb. f. 

 Bakt, ix Bd., 1891, pp. 77-88. 



('91). FERMI, CLAUDIO. Lleber die Reinigung der 

 Abwasser durch Elektricitat. Arch, fur 

 Hyg., Bd. xiii, 1891, pp. 207-228. 



Cii.i). KRUECER, S. LTeber den Einfluss des constan- 

 ten elektrisohen Stromes auf Wachsthum 

 der Bakterien. Zeitschr. f. Win. med., Bd. 

 xxn, 1893. pp. 191-207. 



Krueger's conclusions are : The inhibition or destruc- 

 tion of the bacteria is due to the liberation of ions in the 

 Quid. 



('93). BUKCI, E., E FRASCANI, V. Contribute a'llo 

 studio dell'azione battericida della corrente 

 continua. Atti della Soc. Tosc. di Scienze 

 nat. Pisa. Mem., vol. xn, 1893, pp. 99-119. 



('94'). D'ARSONVAL AND CHARRIN. See xxxni. 



('96). FRIEDENTHAL, H. Ueber den Einfluss des 

 elektrischen Stromes auf Bakterien. Krit- 

 isches Referat. Centralb. f. Bakt., xix Bd., 

 1896, pp. 319-324. 



('96). GOTTSTEIN, A. Ueber den Einfluss des elek- 

 trischen Stromes auf Bakterien. Centralb. 

 f. Bakt., xix Bd., 1896, pp. 602-605. 



I'M'' i. FRIEDENTHAL. H. Ueber den Einfluss des 

 Induktionselektrizitat auf Bakterien. Krit- 

 isches Referat. Centralb. f. Bakt., xx Bd , 

 1896, pp. 505-508. 



('96). MARMIER, L. A. Les toxines et 1'electricite. 

 Ann. de 1'Inst. Pasteur, T. x, 1896. pp. 469- 

 480. 



('99). THIEI.K. HERMANN, UND WOLF, KURT. Ueber 

 die Eimvirkung des elektrischen Stromes 

 auf Bakterien. Centralb. f. Bakt., xxv Bd., 

 iSoo, PP. 650-655, with I fig. 

 Results all negative. 



i 'mi). KRAUSE. See xv. 



