SILAGK-15ACTKRIA. FERMENTATION OF TOBACCO, INDIGO, FLAX, ETC. 



257 



MI-;) \\i\m, K \IKY, Si:K<;ir>. Sur Ic rouissage du 

 lin et son .-i.^i'iit microliitMi. (,'. K. ties se. de 



1' Vad. drs s,-i , Rm>, ]S(|;, T. CXXI, pp. 



742-745- 



A resume of tlie priucipal results of work done by 

 Fribes in \V]!IML;I :i<Kky's laboratory. 



1. Stems sterilized under water by a short heating at 

 100, repeated three days in succession, or by one heating 

 at 115 for fifteen minutes, did not become retted. 



2. Sterilized flax immersed in water and inoculated 

 with any one of the 10 aerobic and anaerobic organisms, 

 first isolated from the macerations by means of gelatin 

 plates, did not undergo, even after several mouths, a 

 commencement of retting, nor was any liberation of gas 

 noticed. On the contrary 



nd without consistence. 

 In a general study of the bacteria of retting, Fribes dis- 

 covered the following facts : 



). TULUMEI, GIULIO. Ueber die Fermentation der 

 Oliven und die Oxydation des Olivenoles. 

 Atti R. Acad. dei Lincei Roma, se. v, Rendi- 

 i-<niti, Classe sci. fis., matem. e nat., vol. v, 

 Feb. 16, 1896, pp. 122-129. 



Due to an enzyme. Not bacterial. 



('96). VAX LOOKEREN-CAMPAGNE, C. J., y. VAN DER 

 VEEN, P. J. Ueber Indigobildung aus 

 Pflanzen der Gatttmg "Indigo fera." D. 

 landw. Vers.-Stat., 1896, Bd. xi.vi, pp. 249- 



258. 



(*97). CONRAD, EUGEN. Bakteriologische und clicni- 

 ische studien iiber Sauerkrautgahrung. 

 Arch, f, Hyg., Bd. xxix, 1897, pp. 56-95. 

 See also Zeitschr. f. Spiritusindustrie. \x 

 Jahrg., 1897, No. 23, p. 188; No. 24, pp. 



200-2OI. 



The fermentation of the " Weisskrant " is attributed to 

 Bacterium brassicie acuke, Lehin. & Conrad, nearly re- 

 lated to Bacillus coli. This organism is motile, grows 

 aerohically and anaerohically, produces acids, carbon 

 dixoide, hydrogen and marsh gas. Gelatin is not liquefied. 

 The surface colonies are gray white to gray yellow on 

 gelatin and agar, and are bright yellow on potato. It 

 fermentsmaltose, lactose auddextrose. Most of the acid 

 is lactic acid. 



('98). BREAUDAT, L. Sur le mode de formation de 



['indigo dans les precedes d'extraction in- 



dustriels. Functions disastasiques des 



plantes indigpferes. C. R. des se. de 1'Acad. 



des sci., Paris, uSoS, T. cxxvn, pp. 769-771. 

 ('98). MOLISCH. Ueber die sogenannte Indigogahr- 



niiic und neue Indigoprlanzen. Sitzungsber. 



d. k. Akad. der Wiss. in Wien, July, 1808. 



Title only. 



('98). PRESCOTT AND UNDERWOOD. See xx. 

 ('99). BREAUDAT. Nouvelles recherches sur les fonc- 



tions diastasiques des plantes indigoferes. C. 



R. des se. de 1'Acad. des sci., Paris, T. 



cxxvm, 1899, pp. 1,478-1,480. 

 ('99). VERNHOUT, J. H. Onderzoek over bacterien 



bij de fermentatie der tabak. Mededeelingen 



uit s'Lands Plantentuin, xxxiv, Batavia, G. 



Kolff & Co.. 1899, p. 49, 2 plates. 

 The fermentation of tobacco is ascribed to Bacillus 

 tabaci -ferment at iouis Vernhout. 



('99). LoEw, OSCAR. Curing and fermentation of 

 cigar leaf tobacco. U. S. Dept. of Agric., 

 Report No. 59. Div. Veg. Phys. & Path., 

 34 PP. 



Coo). LOEW, OSCAR. Sind Bakterien die Ursache 

 der Tabakfer.mentation? Centralb. f. Bakt., 

 2 Abt., Bd. vi, 1900, pp. 108-112. 

 The fermentation is strictly enzymic, aud bacteria are 

 not concerned in it. 



Coo). LOEW. OSCAR. Physiological Studies of Con- 

 necticut leaf tobacco. U. S. Dept. of Agric., 

 Div. of V>eg. Phys. & Path.. 1900. Report 

 65. 57 PP- 



Coo). BEI.TERINCK. Verdere onderzoekingen over de 

 indigovorming uit weedl (Isatis tinctorial 

 Proc. K. Akad. Wetensch. Amsterdam, Deel 

 ix, June 30, 19011, pp. 74-9- Abstr. in Bot. 

 Zeitung. 2 Abt., vol. 58, 1900, col. 188-189. 

 The production of indigo blue is due to the action of 

 the enzyme isatase upon isatan. Isatan occurs in the 

 protoplasm ; isatase occurs in the chromatophores. In 

 the living cell the author thinks reactions are prevented 

 bv the acidity of the cell-sap. He says : " The action of 

 is'atase upon isatan is possible only in neutral or ampho- 

 teric aud very weakly acid solutions." A temperature of 

 48 to 50 C. is the optimum for this action." 



Coi). L"E\v. OSCAR. Catalase, a new enzym of gen- 

 eral occurrence, with special reference to the 

 tobacco plant. U. S. Dept. of Agric. Rep. 

 69, Div. Veg. Phys. & Path., 1901, 47 pp. 

 ('oil. RUSSELL, H. L.. AND BABCOCK, S. M. Concern- 

 ing the theories of silage formation. Science, 

 n. s., vol. xin, p. 328, 1901. 



The conclusion reached is that bacteria do not play 

 any very considerable r61e in the fermentation of silage. 



Coi). PREYER, AXEL. Ueber Kakaofermentation. 



Tropenpflanzer, Berlin, Bd. v, 1901, pp. 157- 



173. 

 Coi). SCHULTE IM HOPE, A. Zur Kakao-Fermenta- 



tion. Tropenpflanzer, Berlin, 1901, Bd. v, 



pp. 225-227. 



